In spite the fact that Emily Elizabeth Dickinson lived during the 19th century Amherst among conservative community that gave less chance to female voice to gain a share in social and political life, she paved the way...In spite the fact that Emily Elizabeth Dickinson lived during the 19th century Amherst among conservative community that gave less chance to female voice to gain a share in social and political life, she paved the way for the coming female thinkers to obtain more freedom of thought and expression. In other words, since she was convient that "Abdiction of Belief makes the Behaviour Small", she undercut social conventions and moved under gradual shift from Orthodox Trinitarianism into new thoughts of liberalism. However, in good deal of her work, she still pertains to religious conservatism in wider sense than Amhest Church had been dectated.展开更多
The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book publ...The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book published in the country (with a very long Russian title containing 35 words) as a cultural product of the Enlightenment Age produced by its representative. In the introduction to the dictionary the compiler says that the publication would help young people develop a taste for refined entertainment and reject violent leisure activities of the past, enjoy theatre and learn life moral lessons from it. He considers theatre as a powerful means of changing Russian society as has been demanded by the Enlightenment Age. The structural and sociocultural analyses of 1787 Drama Dictionary materials give us an insight into some ways of westernising Russian society through theatre and how this westernisation was reflected in the theatre terminology of the time. I have argued that Russian-European Relationships resulting in the westernisation of Russian theatre theory and practices went hand in hand with the Russian translation-adaptation of Western plays and adaptation of some Western cultural patterns of social thinking and behaviour without rejecting completely the national identity in newly-born Russian dramatic literature.展开更多
An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of ...An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators (会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan) in Qianlong time (1748), Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of "Canton English" and "Canton Portuguese", even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.展开更多
Influenced by translator's individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-show...Influenced by translator's individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-shown not only in the translation of literature works, but in those of dictionary and glossary translations as well. Semantic clash, generally, is based on two main factors, one is the inherent difference between languages lying in typology features, the other is the social and culture diversity factors lying in the translator's personal background. According to actual translation works, social and culture factors of individual background take the dominant position unconsciously over other features in the process of code-switching. The present paper, branches the latter factor into certain categories, by analyzing bilingual dictionaries and glossaries cases in the 18th century, Qing Dynasty, and indicates that the conceptual lagging, religion beliefs, living environment and political stand embedded in individual background will somehow result in semantic clash, which will lead the relevant research to pay more attention on cross-cultural literature translation.展开更多
abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document lit...abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document literature. By analyzing the severe aging problems, we will know about the leisure sporting activities of the old people. Sports is a very useful way to slow down the pace of getting old. Through the efforts of the whole society, we can take full advantage of sports to slow down the aging process and make the senior sports a healthy and scientific development direction. Keywords: population aging Sports Strategy展开更多
Linguistic marker is a common phenomenon, and there are different levels of markers in various languages. Mark theory was first proposed by the Prague School in 1930s, which is an important principle of language analy...Linguistic marker is a common phenomenon, and there are different levels of markers in various languages. Mark theory was first proposed by the Prague School in 1930s, which is an important principle of language analysis system. The function and meaning of markup languages are mainly pragmatic, which have procedural meaning and no conceptual meaning. Markedness phenomenon is not only the inherent characteristics of language symbols, but also the product of social life and different cultures. Due to the great difference between cultural background and social environment of Chinese and English speaker, thus there are many similarities and differences in the language, society and culture mark. The mark phenomena of English nouns are mainly related to the category of nouns and the opposite nouns. However, Chinese nouns have no strict morphological changes. In this paper, we discuss the theory of mark phenomenon and analyze a contrastive study on mark phenomena of English and Chinese Languages.展开更多
The paper presents an analysis of the selected stanzas of Siva Satakam (One Hundred Verses on Siva)--the most important hymn devoted to Siva composed in Malayalam by Narayana Guru. The analysis shows that there is a...The paper presents an analysis of the selected stanzas of Siva Satakam (One Hundred Verses on Siva)--the most important hymn devoted to Siva composed in Malayalam by Narayana Guru. The analysis shows that there is a tendency in the hymn to emphasise the equal status of Sanskrit and Dravidian literary tradition. Several stanzas are constructed on the basis of Sanskrit stories or myths; however, this "classical" scheme is filled with Tamil or Malayalam concepts, ideas, and key words. What is more, Narayana Guru employs so called twilight language used by authors of Tamil philosophical works in order to provide a receiver of the poem with the opportunity to interpret some stanzas in accordance with Sanskrit as well as Dravidian tradition. The introduction of a person belonging to lower caste of South India as the one who is able to attain liberation, as well as presentation of the welt-known philosophical concepts as equal or even subordinated to the Dravidian ideas could become a significant contribution to the social activity of Guru comprising among others the concern for spiritual and social uplift of the lower caste people of Kerala.展开更多
Automatic classification of sentiment data(e.g., reviews, blogs) has many applications in enterprise user management systems, and can help us understand people's attitudes about products or services. However, it is...Automatic classification of sentiment data(e.g., reviews, blogs) has many applications in enterprise user management systems, and can help us understand people's attitudes about products or services. However, it is difficult to train an accurate sentiment classifier for different domains. One of the major reasons is that people often use different words to express the same sentiment in different domains, and we cannot easily find a direct mapping relationship between them to reduce the differences between domains. So, the accuracy of the sentiment classifier will decline sharply when we apply a classifier trained in one domain to other domains. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called words alignment based on association rules(WAAR) for cross-domain sentiment classification,which can establish an indirect mapping relationship between domain-specific words in different domains by learning the strong association rules between domain-shared words and domain-specific words in the same domain. In this way, the differences between the source domain and target domain can be reduced to some extent, and a more accurate cross-domain classifier can be trained. Experimental results on Amazon~ datasets show the effectiveness of our approach on improving the performance of cross-domain sentiment classification.展开更多
This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 fi...This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 first year junior secondary school pupils (247 boys and 228 girls) were surveyed about their strategy use in learning English vocabulary. Sixteen pupils (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in paired semi-structured interviews about their experiences of learning English vocabulary. Drawing on socio-cultural perspectives on language learning, the inquiry established the interconnections between the participants' strategy use and beliefs and identified the roles that agency played in their vocabulary learning. The analysis of interview data further revealed that the participants' strategy use emerged from interaction between their agency and the mediation of contextual resources and social agents including parents and teachers. These findings suggest that it is important for language teachers to collaborate with social agents such as parents in their efforts to support young learners' strategic vocabulary learning.展开更多
文摘In spite the fact that Emily Elizabeth Dickinson lived during the 19th century Amherst among conservative community that gave less chance to female voice to gain a share in social and political life, she paved the way for the coming female thinkers to obtain more freedom of thought and expression. In other words, since she was convient that "Abdiction of Belief makes the Behaviour Small", she undercut social conventions and moved under gradual shift from Orthodox Trinitarianism into new thoughts of liberalism. However, in good deal of her work, she still pertains to religious conservatism in wider sense than Amhest Church had been dectated.
文摘The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book published in the country (with a very long Russian title containing 35 words) as a cultural product of the Enlightenment Age produced by its representative. In the introduction to the dictionary the compiler says that the publication would help young people develop a taste for refined entertainment and reject violent leisure activities of the past, enjoy theatre and learn life moral lessons from it. He considers theatre as a powerful means of changing Russian society as has been demanded by the Enlightenment Age. The structural and sociocultural analyses of 1787 Drama Dictionary materials give us an insight into some ways of westernising Russian society through theatre and how this westernisation was reflected in the theatre terminology of the time. I have argued that Russian-European Relationships resulting in the westernisation of Russian theatre theory and practices went hand in hand with the Russian translation-adaptation of Western plays and adaptation of some Western cultural patterns of social thinking and behaviour without rejecting completely the national identity in newly-born Russian dramatic literature.
文摘An English-Chinese Dictionary ( 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii) and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary (播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua) are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators (会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan) in Qianlong time (1748), Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of "Canton English" and "Canton Portuguese", even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.
文摘Influenced by translator's individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-shown not only in the translation of literature works, but in those of dictionary and glossary translations as well. Semantic clash, generally, is based on two main factors, one is the inherent difference between languages lying in typology features, the other is the social and culture diversity factors lying in the translator's personal background. According to actual translation works, social and culture factors of individual background take the dominant position unconsciously over other features in the process of code-switching. The present paper, branches the latter factor into certain categories, by analyzing bilingual dictionaries and glossaries cases in the 18th century, Qing Dynasty, and indicates that the conceptual lagging, religion beliefs, living environment and political stand embedded in individual background will somehow result in semantic clash, which will lead the relevant research to pay more attention on cross-cultural literature translation.
文摘abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document literature. By analyzing the severe aging problems, we will know about the leisure sporting activities of the old people. Sports is a very useful way to slow down the pace of getting old. Through the efforts of the whole society, we can take full advantage of sports to slow down the aging process and make the senior sports a healthy and scientific development direction. Keywords: population aging Sports Strategy
文摘Linguistic marker is a common phenomenon, and there are different levels of markers in various languages. Mark theory was first proposed by the Prague School in 1930s, which is an important principle of language analysis system. The function and meaning of markup languages are mainly pragmatic, which have procedural meaning and no conceptual meaning. Markedness phenomenon is not only the inherent characteristics of language symbols, but also the product of social life and different cultures. Due to the great difference between cultural background and social environment of Chinese and English speaker, thus there are many similarities and differences in the language, society and culture mark. The mark phenomena of English nouns are mainly related to the category of nouns and the opposite nouns. However, Chinese nouns have no strict morphological changes. In this paper, we discuss the theory of mark phenomenon and analyze a contrastive study on mark phenomena of English and Chinese Languages.
文摘The paper presents an analysis of the selected stanzas of Siva Satakam (One Hundred Verses on Siva)--the most important hymn devoted to Siva composed in Malayalam by Narayana Guru. The analysis shows that there is a tendency in the hymn to emphasise the equal status of Sanskrit and Dravidian literary tradition. Several stanzas are constructed on the basis of Sanskrit stories or myths; however, this "classical" scheme is filled with Tamil or Malayalam concepts, ideas, and key words. What is more, Narayana Guru employs so called twilight language used by authors of Tamil philosophical works in order to provide a receiver of the poem with the opportunity to interpret some stanzas in accordance with Sanskrit as well as Dravidian tradition. The introduction of a person belonging to lower caste of South India as the one who is able to attain liberation, as well as presentation of the welt-known philosophical concepts as equal or even subordinated to the Dravidian ideas could become a significant contribution to the social activity of Guru comprising among others the concern for spiritual and social uplift of the lower caste people of Kerala.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61703013,91546111,91646201,61672070,and61672071)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.4152005)+1 种基金the Key Projects of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Nos.KZ201610005009 and KM201810005024)the International Cooperation Seed Grant from Beijing University of Technology of 2016(No.007000514116520)
文摘Automatic classification of sentiment data(e.g., reviews, blogs) has many applications in enterprise user management systems, and can help us understand people's attitudes about products or services. However, it is difficult to train an accurate sentiment classifier for different domains. One of the major reasons is that people often use different words to express the same sentiment in different domains, and we cannot easily find a direct mapping relationship between them to reduce the differences between domains. So, the accuracy of the sentiment classifier will decline sharply when we apply a classifier trained in one domain to other domains. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called words alignment based on association rules(WAAR) for cross-domain sentiment classification,which can establish an indirect mapping relationship between domain-specific words in different domains by learning the strong association rules between domain-shared words and domain-specific words in the same domain. In this way, the differences between the source domain and target domain can be reduced to some extent, and a more accurate cross-domain classifier can be trained. Experimental results on Amazon~ datasets show the effectiveness of our approach on improving the performance of cross-domain sentiment classification.
文摘This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 first year junior secondary school pupils (247 boys and 228 girls) were surveyed about their strategy use in learning English vocabulary. Sixteen pupils (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in paired semi-structured interviews about their experiences of learning English vocabulary. Drawing on socio-cultural perspectives on language learning, the inquiry established the interconnections between the participants' strategy use and beliefs and identified the roles that agency played in their vocabulary learning. The analysis of interview data further revealed that the participants' strategy use emerged from interaction between their agency and the mediation of contextual resources and social agents including parents and teachers. These findings suggest that it is important for language teachers to collaborate with social agents such as parents in their efforts to support young learners' strategic vocabulary learning.