公式语理念和汉语研究的关联问题探究

公式语研究在理论上有三个特点:词汇单位的再认识,语言研究的整体观,语法模式和心理模式的融合。公式语并不是静止的由若干词和短语组成的语料,而是动态的、开放的系统,公式化是语言的一个内在特征。受到近代西方语言哲学尤其是语料库语言学、心理语言学及认知功能语言学理论的影响,公式语的概念是围绕人脑处理言语过程提出的。公式语的界定和识别是开放式的,语法规则被淡化,词汇和语法的界限被模糊化,语言单位的边界也趋于模糊。而汉语的词语组合确定整体结构和语义的特点与这一理论核心相契合。公式语理念和汉语研究中的词组观及短语观的思想存在关联,体现在对语言单位的感知和整体结构语义的处理两个方面。以汉语为背景的公式语研究有很大潜力。

An overview of the semantic class of the word groups of the industry terminology in ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂

Since the printing and publication of the first carved edition of＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ in 1637 （the tenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty）, it has been 380 years of history. It is an encyclopedia describing China＇s ancient agricultural and handicraft technologies, which occupies an important position in the history of the world science and technology, and the author Song Yingxing is praised by the British expert on the world science and technology history Dr. Joseph Needham as the ＂Chinese Diderot＂. This book is of great value in the language and the cultural researches. From the perspective of the linguistics, the technical terminologies on the agriculture, the handicraft and other disciplines in this paper are classified and analyzed from the semantic point of view, so as to provide an empirical reference for the better dissemination of the book and the diachronic study of the Chinese terminologies.