论词语类型语境与引语同一替换

语句中某些语词可为其引导从句提供词语类型语境,分析这种语境与解决"同一替换"难题密切相关。弗雷格所论直接引语和间接引语及罗素所论初现与再现都与这种语境有关。弗雷格认为引语替换是有相同涵义的语句替换,他用来替换的语句却只具有同一语境里的相同真值。奥尔伍德等所提"内涵语境"源于弗雷格的"引语","晦暗语境"源于罗素的摹状词,而摹状词理论并未真正解决同一替换难题。摹状词本身与同一替换是否有效无关。引语同一替换主要与词语类型语境揭示的语言层次相关,而且同一替换只能是指称相同而涵义不同的语词或语句替换。

关于小学语文语境式词语教学实施方法研究

在小学语文教学过程中，词语的教学是一个基础环节，在语文阶段学习过程中有着重要影响作用，因为语言就是由词语构成。实际教学过程中，语境式词语教学的应用能够提高教师教学效率，使得学生更好地理解词语涵义，促进学生在语文学习上迈向更高的台阶。

语文教学中语境的运用

语境运用是语文教学的核心,语言文字只是具体的文本中一个表意载体,只有通过具体的语境才能表现出语言所起的作用,从而决定语境运用的必要性和重要性。本文从词语语境、场景语境、心理语境、交际语境几方面谈语境在教学过程中的应用。

小学语文词语教学方式创新研究

小学阶段是学习语文的基础阶段,也是关键阶段,词语教学对于小学生尤其重要。然而,有一些教师过于重视强调文章的意境,抛开词语理解空谈思想感情,对词语教学关注度低。词语教学的目的仅为扫清阅读障碍,教学方法机械、单一。因此,应在教学实践过程中不断对小学语文词语教学方式进行改进和创新,以培养学生驾驭词语的能力为重心,改变传统词语教学灌输音形义教学之法,尝试以词义的感悟为核心,致力于打好小学生词语的基础,全面提升小学生的文学素养。

基于关联规则的语境情感搭配词组挖掘算法

语境情感词语是指当情感词与某些词语搭配后往往能够呈现出比较稳定的情感倾向。首先利用关联规则中的支持度、置信度和可用度,从语料文本中识别出与语境情感词具有搭配关系的常用词语组合;然后,综合利用搭配词组所在句子以及相邻句子信息对其倾向性进行分析,进而构建领域相关的情感词语搭配集合。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于关联规则的语境情感搭配词组挖掘算法能够挖掘出大量情感搭配词语。

高教英语教学中语境与词语的异常搭配

词语的异常搭配是为了语言的表达形象生动,把握这种偏离常规的形象生动,语境的把握尤其重要。语言表情达意,离不开语境。

Orthographic,Semantic,and Contextual Influences on Initial Processing and Learning of Novel Words During Reading:Evidence From Eye Movements

This study investigates how orthographic,semantic and contextual variables—including word length,concreteness,and contextual support—impact on the processing and learning of new words in a second language(L2)when first encountered during reading.Students learning English as a foreign language(EFL)were recruited to read sentences for comprehension,embedded with unfamiliar L2 words that occurred once.Immediately after this,they received a form recognition test,a meaning recall test,and a meaning recognition test.Eye-movement data showed significant effects of word length on both early and late processing of novel words,along with effects of concreteness only on late-processing eye-tracking measures.Informative contexts were read slower than neutral contexts,yet contextual support did not show any direct influence on the processing of novel words.Interestingly,initial learning of abstract words was better than concrete words in terms of form and meaning recognition.Attentional processing of novel L2 words,operationalized by total reading time,positively predicted L2 learners’recognition of new orthographic forms.Taken together,these results suggest:1)orthographic,semantic and contextual factors play distinct roles for initial processing and learning of novel words;2)online processing of novel words contributes to L2 learners’initial knowledge of unfamiliar lexical items acquired from reading.

治外法权,还是领事裁判权?——从民国以来学者论争的焦点切入

近代学者对于治外法权还是领事裁判权早已存在争执，大多主张英美学者以词义的近似为缘由混淆两词关系进而蒙蔽国人，以治外法权之名行领事裁判权之实。本文以词语所载解释文本以及条约文本等载体、词语由日到中的转借以及词语论争所处语境、国情为视角，重新审视民国以来学者对此所引发的论争，认为两概念并不存在非此即彼的关系，而是相互牵连，实则都可涵盖在治外法权这一论断之下。

Automatic Extraction of Contextual Co-occurrence Chain and Its Relationship with Textual Cohesion

Semantic lexical chains have been regarded as important in textural cohesion, although traditionally, the classification of these chains has been limited to repetition, synonymy, hyponymy, and collocates. The cases of automatic extraction of lexical chains have found that the contextual synonyms can not be recognized, nor extracted automatically. This study took the data-based technology to extract the contextually co-occurring lexical chains through thematic lexical items. It found that these contextually co-occurring lexical chains can include the semantic lexical chains and contextual synonyms. It also found that, in extraction of collocates of the co-occurring lexical items, these collocates form secondary lexical chains, which contribute to textual cohesion. The vertical lexical chains made of contextually cooccurring lexical items and the horizontal chains made of collocational lexical items work together in making the text into a coherent whole.