Characteristics, causation, and rehabilitation of Zhouqu extraordinarily serious debris flows in 2010, China

In early morning of Aug 8th, 2010, the rain-triggered tremendous debris flows broke out simultaneously at the Sanyanyu ravine and Luojiayu ravine, which locate in the north part of Zhouqu County town. The debris flow is the most severe event of the same kind of disasters in the past sixty years in China, which caused great losses of people's lives and properties. Based on field investigation, remote sensing image interpretation and analysis of local climatological data, the local topographical conditions, active tectonic movement, massive debris source and torrential rains were the main formation causes which induced the catastrophic debris flows. Moreover, detailed geological surveys were carried out following the disaster, the other geological potential hazard sites were found out, and the geological and seismic hazard assessment has been put into practice. At last, scientific and appropriate countermeasures have been suggested to prevent and mitigate the extraordinarily serious debris flow.

A research on Android kernel-memory compiling and scheduling

Android, an open source system exploited by Google, has experienced a rapid development in the past a few years in the field of intelligent mobile because of its advantages-open source and excellent function. The number of professionals and enthusiasts who research on Android is growing rapidly in the same time. Android, as an abstraction between software layer and hardware layer based on Linux kernel, can complete the optimization of system by modifying the kernel part. The purpose of this design is to master the processes of kernel-compiling and transplanting, and to learn the methods of memory scheduling algorithm and kernel menaory test. First of all, this thesis introduces the installation of Linux system, and then, it presents the method to build the environment for Android kernel compiling and the process of compiling. The key point of the design is to introduce the SLAB, SLOB, SLUB, SLQB allocators in memory scheduling, and carry on a research on optimization with these memory allocators. HTC Incredible S, as an experimental mobile phone whose Android kernel version is 2.6.35, is employed to deal with all these tests. A comparison of kernel codes before and after optimization has been made. The two kernel codes have been transplanted into the terminal of the experimental mobile phone, which will be respectively tested with its stability, memory performance and overall performance. Finally, it concludes that result of being transplanted the SLQB memory allocator is the optimal one of all.

Chronic liver disease questionnaire:Translation and validation in Thais

AIM:Quality of life (QOL) is a concept that incorporates many aspects of life beyond“health”.The chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was developed to evaluate the impact of chronic liver diseases (CLD) on QOL.The objectives of this study were to translate and validate a liver specific questionnaire,the CLDQ. METHODS:The CLDQ was formally translated from the original version to Thai language with permission.The translation process included forward translation,back translation,cross-cultural adaptation and a pretest.Reliability and validity of the translated version was examined in CLD patients.Enrolled subjects included CLD and normal subjects with age- and sex-matched.Collected data were demography, physical findings and biochemical tests.All subjects were asked to complete the translated versions of CLDQ and SF- 36,which was previously validated.Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were performed for reliability analysis.One-way Anova or non-parametric method was used to determine discriminant validity.Speerman's rank correlation was used to assess convergent validity.P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:A total of 200 subjects were recruited into the study,with 150 CLD and 50 normal subjects.Mean ages (SD) were 47.3(11.7) and 49.1(8.5) years,respectively.The number of chronic hepatitis:cirrhosis was 76:74,and the ratio of cirrhotic patients classified as Child A:B:C was 37 (50%):26(35%):11(15%).Cronbach's alpha of the overall CLDQ scores was 0.96 and of all domains were higher than 0.93.Item-total correlation was>0.45.Test-retest reliability done at 1 to 4 wk apart was 0.88 for the average CLDQ score and from 0.68 to 0.90 for domain scores.The CLDQ was found to have discriminant validity.The highest scores of CLDQ domains were in the normal group,scores were lower in the compensated group and lowest in the decompensated group.The significant correlation between domains of the CLDQ and SF-36 was found.The average CLDQ score was strongly correlated with the general health domain of SF-36.(P=0.69:P=0.01). CONCLUSION:The translated CLDQ is valid and applicable in Thais with CLD.CLDQ reveals that QOL in these patients is lower than that in normal population.QOL is more impaired in advanced stage of CLD.

Court Sight Translation From Text-Linguistic Approach

Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. Amongst discussions relevant to court interpreting, the area of sight translation has yet to be emphasized, despite its importance to the outcome of a trial. In this study I first had observations of court interpreting activities on several occasions. Based on these observations, I then formulated a questionnaire and distributed it to 86 interpreters in two training workshops organized by the Taiwan High Court in 2013. The key findings are as follows： most interpreters consider sight translation to be more difficult than other forms of interpretation in the courtroom; while conducting sight translation many interpreters pause in order to seek clarification or are interrupted; most interpreters would prefer the judge or the prosecutor to orally summarize the text to be sight translated; and, after ＂negotiation,＂ most practitioners tend to lower the level of formality when dealing with a text written in a formal style. These findings imply that interpreters conducting sight translation render a translation through ＂negotiation＂ with other participants of the activity; this negotiation can be seen as an attempt to build a ＂context＂ from the perspective of liaison interpreting. This study intends to raise the awareness of court interpreters regarding a number of key issues in sight translation, and the results are hoped to be conducive to the future study of other types of liaison interpreting and interpreting as a whole.

The Value Relevance of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments （FCTAs） in the Italian Stock Exchange

The main aim of this paper is to test whether the foreign currency translation adjustments （FCTAs）, the largest components of other comprehensive income （OCI） for most firms, are incrementally value-relevant for investors with respect to the net income （NI）. Previous archival research on the value relevance of FCTAs has documented a weak or non-existent link between FCTAs and firm valuation （Pinto, 2005）. The hypothesized reasons could reside in the econometric method employed, in the use of as-if numbers, and in the missing consideration of the differential effect that exchange rate changes have on firms of varying levels of capital intensiveness. This study adds to the existing literature by empirically testing the value relevance of as-reported FCTAs numbers in the earnings and book value model the Ohlson-like interacted model through panel data techniques. The main finding of this study is that as-reported FCTAs are significantly and incrementally value-relevant, when their parameter estimates are allowed to vary in the cross-section.

莎剧汉语译本原作风格再现的多维考察——以《李尔王》和《温莎的风流娘儿们》为例

莎士比亚戏剧之所以能够具有非凡的感染力并成为世界文学经典,很大程度上是因为其丰富的内涵,具有文体多样性、世俗性、多义性、幽默性、互文性和文化异质性等特征,呈现出莎剧卓尔不凡的独特风格。本研究尝试以莎翁的两部剧作《李尔王》和《温莎的风流娘儿们》为研究案例,以上述6种特征为着眼点,总结译者的翻译风格和译者行为及其背后成因,以期为莎剧翻译提供参考。

Atoh1 regulation in the cochlea:more than just transcription

More than 80%of all cases of deafness are related to the death or degeneration of cochlear hair cells and the associated spiral ganglion neurons,and a lack of regeneration of these cells leads to permanent hearing loss.Therefore,the regeneration of lost hair cells is an important goal for the treatment of deafness.Atoh1 is a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor that is critical in both the development and regeneration of cochlear hair cells.Atoh1 is transcriptionally regulated by several signaling pathways,including Notch and Wnt signalings.At the post-translational level,it is regulated through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that manipulation of these signaling pathways not only controls development,but also leads to the regeneration of cochlear hair cells after damage.Recent progress toward understanding the signaling networks involved in hair cell development and regeneration has led to the development of new strategies to replace lost hair cells.This review focuses on our current understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate Atoh1 in the cochlea.

Two Translations of Ji Yun＇s Close Scrutiny： the Translator, the Reader and the Settings of Translation

This article focuses on two English translations of Ji Yun＇s 纪昀 eigh- teenth-century collection of ＂stories of the strange,＂ Random Jottings at the Cottage of Close Scrutiny （Yuewei caotang biji 阅微草堂笔记）. The translation done by Leo Tak-hung Chan is set within the context of his 1998 sinological monograph, while David Pollard＇s recent translation, published in 2014, stands as an edited volume of translation oriented toward the general reader. Referring to textual and paratextual elements in these two translations, I hope to show how the ＂setting＂ of a translation modulates its tone and message, which in turn unfolds with the selection, style and overall structure of the translation. I also draw from an actual dialog between Leo Chan and David Pollard, which evolves around the various aspects in translating Ji Yun＇s work and the more general issues in sinology and translating Chinese literature. The dialog between the two translators of Ji Yun further illustrates the translators＇ approaches to the original text, their mediating efforts toward crosscultural readability and literary felicity and specifically, how the state of mind of a translator might come into play with the ＂flavor＂ of a translation.

A new LDPC decoding scheme for PDM-8QAM BICM coherent optical communication system

A new log-likelihood ratio(LLR) message estimation method is proposed for polarization-division multiplexing eight quadrature amplitude modulation(PDM-8QAM) bit-interleaved coded modulation(BICM) optical communication system.The formulation of the posterior probability is theoretically analyzed,and the way to reduce the pre-decoding bit error rate(BER) of the low density parity check(LDPC) decoder for PDM-8QAM constellations is presented.Simulation results show that it outperforms the traditional scheme,i.e.,the new post-decoding BER is decreased down to 50%of that of the traditional post-decoding algorithm.