At the beginning of the tests on application of ethanol gasoline in 2001, Chinese government promulgated a national standard, GB 18351-2001 ＂Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles＂. The standard specifies three kinds o...At the beginning of the tests on application of ethanol gasoline in 2001, Chinese government promulgated a national standard, GB 18351-2001 ＂Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles＂. The standard specifies three kinds of ethanol gasoline, namely E10 （90 RON）, E10 （93 RON） and E10 （95 RON）. There were ethanol gasoline grades （90 RON and 93 RON） and conventional unleaded gasoline（97 RON） available in the areas where tests were carried out. Vehicle owners were worded about the harmful action of ethanol to their vehicles because of lack of knowledge regarding ethanol fuel, and they only refueled their cars with conventional 97 RON unleaded gasoline. This idea might cause unnecessary costs to customers and could bring about difficulty to the tests as well. Besides, some other technical questions emerged during the experimental application of ethanol gasoline, such as water content, ethanol content in gasoline, etc. Based on the experiences accumulated during the application tests, the national standard GB 18351-2001 ＂Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles＂ was revised. The revised edition is designated as GB 18351-2004.展开更多
The application of wireline formation tester(WFT)gradually extends in oil-field with the constant improvement of instrument functions.Applications of WFT in oil and gas exploration in Tarim Oilfield,such as formation ...The application of wireline formation tester(WFT)gradually extends in oil-field with the constant improvement of instrument functions.Applications of WFT in oil and gas exploration in Tarim Oilfield,such as formation pressure measurement,are described,and testing efficiency between drill stem testing(DST)and WFT are compared,especially comprised of PVT sampling,hydrocarbon composition estimation,fluid characterization analysis and formation permeability analysis.The test results between WFT and traditional DST show that their functions can be complementary.The influence factors of WFT and the suitable applying conditions for WFT and DST are also discussed.展开更多
CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding ...CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding enhance oil recovery） has been one of research hot-spot around the world. According to the statistical data of 2006, there are total of 94 global CO2-EOR projects, including 65 low permeability oilfield projects （79% of the total）. Daqing Oilfield is the largest one of China, after more than 50 years of continuous development, oilfield comprehensive water cut has reached over 90%, and the difficulty of oilfield development has been gradually increasing. In recent years, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs development have played a more and more important role accompany with low permeability reserves in proportion of the total reserves have been increasing year by year. But water-flooding recovery of low permeability reservoir is very low under the influence of reservoir poor properties and heterogeneity. As a kind of greenhouse gas, CO2 flooding can obtain good results for the low permeability reservoir in which the water flooding has proven ineffective. CO2 flooding Pilot Test was conducted under such background since Dec. 2002, over 10 years of practice has proved that CO2 flooding is an effective method to improve the development effect of low permeability reservoir, all experience during the mechanism study and field test should present important references for further larger-scale CO2 flooding projects.展开更多
文摘At the beginning of the tests on application of ethanol gasoline in 2001, Chinese government promulgated a national standard, GB 18351-2001 ＂Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles＂. The standard specifies three kinds of ethanol gasoline, namely E10 （90 RON）, E10 （93 RON） and E10 （95 RON）. There were ethanol gasoline grades （90 RON and 93 RON） and conventional unleaded gasoline（97 RON） available in the areas where tests were carried out. Vehicle owners were worded about the harmful action of ethanol to their vehicles because of lack of knowledge regarding ethanol fuel, and they only refueled their cars with conventional 97 RON unleaded gasoline. This idea might cause unnecessary costs to customers and could bring about difficulty to the tests as well. Besides, some other technical questions emerged during the experimental application of ethanol gasoline, such as water content, ethanol content in gasoline, etc. Based on the experiences accumulated during the application tests, the national standard GB 18351-2001 ＂Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles＂ was revised. The revised edition is designated as GB 18351-2004.
文摘The application of wireline formation tester(WFT)gradually extends in oil-field with the constant improvement of instrument functions.Applications of WFT in oil and gas exploration in Tarim Oilfield,such as formation pressure measurement,are described,and testing efficiency between drill stem testing(DST)and WFT are compared,especially comprised of PVT sampling,hydrocarbon composition estimation,fluid characterization analysis and formation permeability analysis.The test results between WFT and traditional DST show that their functions can be complementary.The influence factors of WFT and the suitable applying conditions for WFT and DST are also discussed.
文摘CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding enhance oil recovery） has been one of research hot-spot around the world. According to the statistical data of 2006, there are total of 94 global CO2-EOR projects, including 65 low permeability oilfield projects （79% of the total）. Daqing Oilfield is the largest one of China, after more than 50 years of continuous development, oilfield comprehensive water cut has reached over 90%, and the difficulty of oilfield development has been gradually increasing. In recent years, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs development have played a more and more important role accompany with low permeability reserves in proportion of the total reserves have been increasing year by year. But water-flooding recovery of low permeability reservoir is very low under the influence of reservoir poor properties and heterogeneity. As a kind of greenhouse gas, CO2 flooding can obtain good results for the low permeability reservoir in which the water flooding has proven ineffective. CO2 flooding Pilot Test was conducted under such background since Dec. 2002, over 10 years of practice has proved that CO2 flooding is an effective method to improve the development effect of low permeability reservoir, all experience during the mechanism study and field test should present important references for further larger-scale CO2 flooding projects.
