Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-t...Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-tic deformation and the following large plastic deformation. Experimental results obtained with mild streel andred copper show that n determined using the three-point method proposed is better to describe the hardening a-bility of material. It is therefore concluded that three-point method can be used to describe the hardening prop-erty of material during both homogeneous deformation and large plastic deformation.展开更多
The ELISPOT assay is increasingly used for assessing cellular immune responses in clinical trials of HIV-1 or cancer vaccines. However, to date, data from clinical trials do not consistently show that immune responses...The ELISPOT assay is increasingly used for assessing cellular immune responses in clinical trials of HIV-1 or cancer vaccines. However, to date, data from clinical trials do not consistently show that immune responses are correlated with clinical endpoints. This is due in part to the lack of assay standardization and validation across laboratories and therefore, a quality control panel is required to establish competency and comparability amongst different laboratories. In this study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals were screened and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The recovery and viability of the PBMCs and the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting cells after CEF peptide pool stimulation were detected after various intervals in seven different laboratories. The recovery and viability did not differ significantly after different intervals. Although the frequencies of IFN (interferon)-γ-secreting cells among thawed PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) fluctuated after CEF peptide pool stimulation at different intervals, they were not significantly decreased compared with those among fresh PBMCs. However, the viabilities, recoveries and frequencies of IFN-γ-secreting cells differed significantly among the seven laboratories. Our results indicate that cryopreserved PBMCs could be used as a quality control panel for ELISPOT. However, the procedures for ELISPOT need to be standardized amongst different laboratories.展开更多
This paper revisits the Coca-Cola/Huiyuan case, using quantitative methods. We first estimate the demand system of carbonated soft drinks and juices, using the data of the 4-digit code Chinese soft drink industry. We ...This paper revisits the Coca-Cola/Huiyuan case, using quantitative methods. We first estimate the demand system of carbonated soft drinks and juices, using the data of the 4-digit code Chinese soft drink industry. We then define the relevant market by implementing the SSNIP test （a.k.a. the hypothetical monopolist test）. Finally, we evaluate the unilateral effect on the juices market with merger simulation. Our results show that carbonated soft drinks and juicess are in two separate relevant markets. More importantly, there may, be a significant unilateral effect on the juices market based on scenario analysis. 7his result confirms the MOFCOM decision itself, but highlights that competition damage comes more from unilateral efect than from the dubious portfolio effect.展开更多
From the perspective of test methods, this paper revisits the communicative testing features reflected in the Revised Syllabus of the BEC Handbook (2002) by carrying out detailed analyses of the Sample Listening of BE...From the perspective of test methods, this paper revisits the communicative testing features reflected in the Revised Syllabus of the BEC Handbook (2002) by carrying out detailed analyses of the Sample Listening of BEC Vantage. A table of the Sample Listening is then constructed by using Bachman's framework of test methods (1999). From the table and a layout of its components, this paper explicates the five communicative testing features embodied in the Revised BEC: authenticity, contextualization, communicativeness, overall ability and holistic, qualitative scoring method.展开更多
文摘Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-tic deformation and the following large plastic deformation. Experimental results obtained with mild streel andred copper show that n determined using the three-point method proposed is better to describe the hardening a-bility of material. It is therefore concluded that three-point method can be used to describe the hardening prop-erty of material during both homogeneous deformation and large plastic deformation.
文摘The ELISPOT assay is increasingly used for assessing cellular immune responses in clinical trials of HIV-1 or cancer vaccines. However, to date, data from clinical trials do not consistently show that immune responses are correlated with clinical endpoints. This is due in part to the lack of assay standardization and validation across laboratories and therefore, a quality control panel is required to establish competency and comparability amongst different laboratories. In this study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals were screened and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The recovery and viability of the PBMCs and the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting cells after CEF peptide pool stimulation were detected after various intervals in seven different laboratories. The recovery and viability did not differ significantly after different intervals. Although the frequencies of IFN (interferon)-γ-secreting cells among thawed PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) fluctuated after CEF peptide pool stimulation at different intervals, they were not significantly decreased compared with those among fresh PBMCs. However, the viabilities, recoveries and frequencies of IFN-γ-secreting cells differed significantly among the seven laboratories. Our results indicate that cryopreserved PBMCs could be used as a quality control panel for ELISPOT. However, the procedures for ELISPOT need to be standardized amongst different laboratories.
文摘This paper revisits the Coca-Cola/Huiyuan case, using quantitative methods. We first estimate the demand system of carbonated soft drinks and juices, using the data of the 4-digit code Chinese soft drink industry. We then define the relevant market by implementing the SSNIP test （a.k.a. the hypothetical monopolist test）. Finally, we evaluate the unilateral effect on the juices market with merger simulation. Our results show that carbonated soft drinks and juicess are in two separate relevant markets. More importantly, there may, be a significant unilateral effect on the juices market based on scenario analysis. 7his result confirms the MOFCOM decision itself, but highlights that competition damage comes more from unilateral efect than from the dubious portfolio effect.
文摘From the perspective of test methods, this paper revisits the communicative testing features reflected in the Revised Syllabus of the BEC Handbook (2002) by carrying out detailed analyses of the Sample Listening of BEC Vantage. A table of the Sample Listening is then constructed by using Bachman's framework of test methods (1999). From the table and a layout of its components, this paper explicates the five communicative testing features embodied in the Revised BEC: authenticity, contextualization, communicativeness, overall ability and holistic, qualitative scoring method.
