SSI公司（http:／／www．ssionline．com/)日前宣布为Panzer General Ⅲ：Scorched Earth发布一款试玩版本，大小为37．73兆。该游戏的出版商为Mattel互动公司(http：／／www.mattelinteractive．com／)，最低系统配置为Pentium 233处...SSI公司（http:／／www．ssionline．com/)日前宣布为Panzer General Ⅲ：Scorched Earth发布一款试玩版本，大小为37．73兆。该游戏的出版商为Mattel互动公司(http：／／www.mattelinteractive．com／)，最低系统配置为Pentium 233处理器，32兆内存，Windows95操作系统，3D加速卡。展开更多
A single-column model is constructed based on parameterizations inherited from the Finite-volume/Spectral Atmospheric Model F/SAMIL and tested in simulations of tropical convective systems. Two representative convecti...A single-column model is constructed based on parameterizations inherited from the Finite-volume/Spectral Atmospheric Model F/SAMIL and tested in simulations of tropical convective systems. Two representative convection schemes are compared in terms of their performances on precipitation types, individual physical tendencies, and temperature and moisture fields. The main difference between the two selected schemes is in their representation of entraining/detraining process. The Tiedtke scheme assumes bulk entrainment, while the Zhang–Mc Farlane scheme parameterizes entrainment/detrainment rates under the spectrum concept. Large-scale forcing and verification data are taken from the GATE phase III field campaign, during which abundant convective events were observed. Given the same triggering function and closure assumption, results show that entrainment/detrainment representation remains the dominant factor on the simulation of cumulus mass flux and of temperature and moisture fields. By analyzing sources and sinks of heat and moisture, this study reveals how parameterization components compensate for each other and make model results insensitive to parameterization changes in certain fields, thus suggesting the need to treat parameterizations as systems rather than individual components.展开更多
文摘SSI公司（http:／／www．ssionline．com/)日前宣布为Panzer General Ⅲ：Scorched Earth发布一款试玩版本，大小为37．73兆。该游戏的出版商为Mattel互动公司(http：／／www.mattelinteractive．com／)，最低系统配置为Pentium 233处理器，32兆内存，Windows95操作系统，3D加速卡。
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41305102)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB441202,2013CB955803)
文摘A single-column model is constructed based on parameterizations inherited from the Finite-volume/Spectral Atmospheric Model F/SAMIL and tested in simulations of tropical convective systems. Two representative convection schemes are compared in terms of their performances on precipitation types, individual physical tendencies, and temperature and moisture fields. The main difference between the two selected schemes is in their representation of entraining/detraining process. The Tiedtke scheme assumes bulk entrainment, while the Zhang–Mc Farlane scheme parameterizes entrainment/detrainment rates under the spectrum concept. Large-scale forcing and verification data are taken from the GATE phase III field campaign, during which abundant convective events were observed. Given the same triggering function and closure assumption, results show that entrainment/detrainment representation remains the dominant factor on the simulation of cumulus mass flux and of temperature and moisture fields. By analyzing sources and sinks of heat and moisture, this study reveals how parameterization components compensate for each other and make model results insensitive to parameterization changes in certain fields, thus suggesting the need to treat parameterizations as systems rather than individual components.
