伪币鉴定问题的一个改进算法

本文研究如下的伪币鉴定问题：设有ｎ枚硬币，其中隐藏着若干枚伪币．真币具有相同重量，伪币也具有相同重量，但真币与伪币重量不同．问题要求利用一台没有法码的天平，在最少或尽可能少次数的测试后将真伪币一一区分出来．Ｘ．Ｄ．Ｈｕ和Ｆ．Ｋ．Ｈｗａｎｇ［１］［２］等人研究了这一问题，提出了一些两分算法．本文基于一种新的逐次成倍扩展搜索技巧，构造了一个改进算法．根据测试次数分析，即使在最不顺利的情况下，我们的算法也能使用更少的测试次数，从而大大节省了测试的时间与经费．

团体心理辅导对留守中学生心理资本提升研究——以秦巴山区平昌县X中学为例

为了解和研究团体心理辅导对留守中学生心理状况的影响,文章以心理资本问卷评估为工具,以对实验组与对照组测验结果进行前后对比为实验方式,以四川省平昌县X中学公开招募的留守中学生作为实验对象进行了实验研究。结果发现:(1)实验组前后测试心理资本有明显差异,具体表现为团体辅导后实验组心理资本测试得分明显高于前期所测得分,对照组心理资本测试结果前后无明显差异;(2)实验组和对照组的心理资本后期测得结果差异较大,具体表现为实验组所测得的心理资本得分明显高于对照组的心理资本得分;(3)实验组中的绝大部分中学生对团体活动感到相对满意,认为在团体活动中有所收获,且整个团体活动对其正确认识自己有很大帮助。

最优关联群试算法

本文提出群试问题的关联算法概念，给出了二项群试模型下上的最优关联算法的显式表示。

Analysis on the Problems in Start-up and Debugging of Two 600 MW Generating Units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant

The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS not complying with the contract target, etc. occurred during start-up and debugging of two 600 MW generating units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant. Through analysis on these problems. the remedial measures were put forward, to which can be referred for similar units.

Technical Problems and Approval Standards for the Regional Trials of Soybean Varieties in Liaoning Province

The technical problems and approval standards for the regional test of soybean varieties in Liaoning Province were discussed. The technical key points for the soybean regional trials were the selection of trial fields, preparations in lab be-fore sowing, preparations in regional trial field before sowing, sowing in suitable time and strict with sowing process, field management and survey record, harvest and sampling as wel as lab test and summary. In addition, the approval standards for common varieties and quality varieties for the soybean regional trials in Liaoning were introduced, with the aim to provide accurate and scientific theoretical basis for the approval of soybean varieties.

Urban Services Delivery in Limbo： A Provisional Assessment of Gweru＇s Water Supply System

This study sought to assess Gweru＇s water supply system from the source to the consumer to find out whether the water is safe for domestic purposes, mainly consumption. Water samples were taken from Gwenoro dam （raw water）, Gwenoro treatment plant （treated water） as well as from GIS-generated random points of residential areas closest to Gwenoro and furthest from both the dam and the treatment plant. These were taken for laboratory testing where parameters like pH, hardness, turbidity and DO （dissolved oxygen） were tested. Questionnaires were used to solicit the views of the consumers on water quality and water service delivery from eight randomly selected residential suburbs. Interviews were also administered to Gwenoro Water Treatment Plant superintendent and deputy to get insight into the day to day challenges that they have to grapple with. Results generally show that treated water from Gwenoro treatment plant is relatively safe to drink for those who have access to it. However, some consumer points like Mkoba 13 and Mkoba 18 receive water whose DO is out of the recommended range. Suburbs which lie on higher ground like Mkoba 19 and Mkoba 14 however rarely receive water from Gwenoro with some residents of Mkoba 19 having had no water from their taps for more than three years now. The study recommends that new equipment be bought for the treatment plant so that treated water reaches all parts of the city. Newly resettled farmers in the Upper Runde Catchment must be resettled elsewhere while urban stream bank cultivation must be banned to reduce water pollution as well as possible sedimentation of Gwenoro dam.

The Relationship Between EPI and GDP Growth： An Examination on Developed and Emerging Countries

Environmental issues are one of the most important aspects of the long-term development of a country and have an important role in a nation＇s wealth. Different environmental performance indicators present different methodologies and aim to measure countries＇ environmental performances with different approaches. One of the environmental indices, Environmental Performance Index （EPI）, ranks countries＇ performance on high-priority environmental issues in two areas： protection of human health and protection of ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the environmental aspect of sustainability with the EPI and analyze the relationships and differences of the chosen 14 （seven are developed and seven are emerging） countries＇ EPI scores and Gross Domestic Products （GDPs）.

Entanglement Evolution of Two-Coupled Spins in a Time-Dependent Rotating Magnetic Field

We study the dynamics evolution of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXX spin chain under a time-dependent rotating magnetic field. Based on the algebraic structure of the non-autonomous system, the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation is obtained by using the method of algebraic dynamics. Based on the time-dependent analytical solution, we further study the entanglement evolution between the two coupled spins for different initial states, and find that the entanglement is determined by the coefficients of the initial state and the coupling constant J of the system.

Constraints in Lean Optimization Method Tested on a Real Engineering Problem

Optimizing a vehicle includes testing millions of parameters with hundreds of constraints of the performance. In this article, 162 parameters are optimized with 5 constraints using Lean Optimization combined with Linear Programming. The method converges in this example in about 100 evaluations. This is less than the gradient method needs for its first step.

Researches of DC-Problem Under the Model S in which the Numbers of Defective Coins are not Fixed

In this paper,we research general Defective Cion Problem under the model S,i.e,the number d of Defective cions is not fixed. For d=O,1,or 2. we get some good results.

Hate Crimes Methodological, Theoretical ＆ Empirical Difficulties A Pragmatic ＆ Legal Overview

Hate crimes are a culture phenomenon which is perceived by most as an occurrence that should be uprooted from the society. Yet, to date, we have been unable to do so. Hate crimes are the subject of research and comments by experts in various fields. In this regard, most scholars agree that a hate based crime is distinguished from a ＂regular＂ criminal offence by the motive--the attack is aimed at a victim who is part of a differentiated minority group. However, when reading the relevant documents in the area, it seems that the differences between the experts start at the most basic point--what constitutes hate crimes？ This article analyses the concept of ＂hate crimes＂ via an interdisciplinary approach aimed at flashing out the fundamental gaps in the research. We have found that the problems include, inter alia, discrepancies in the definition of hate crimes, methodological difficulties regarding validity and legitimacy （mainly due to the absence of information based on the attacker＇s point of view） and the lack of agreement on the appropriate legal methods required to deal with the ramifications of hate crimes. While part I of this paper revolves around the theoretical aspects of the questions put forth at the centre of this article, part II looks at the same questions from a legal viewpoint. The correlation between the two chapters shows the impact the methodological difficulties have on enforcement endeavors. This relation is further advanced through the examination of test cases from different countries, among them--lsrael. Finally, the article concludes by suggesting a few thoughts on the way to overcome the theoretical problems and making the enforcement efforts more efficient.

The P-Median Problem： A Tabu Search Approximation Proposal Applied to Districts

P-median is one of the most important Location-Allocation problems. This problem determines the location of facilities and assigns demand points to them. The p-median problem can be established as a discrete problem in graph terms as： Let G = （V, E） be an undirected graph where V is the set of n vertices and E is the set of edges with an associated weight that can be the distance between the vertices dij= d（vi, Vj） for every i, j =1,...,n in accordance to the determined metric, with the distances a symmetric matrix is formed, finding Vp∈ V such that ｜ Vp｜∈ = p, where p can be either variable or fixed, and the sum of the shortest distances from the vertices in {V-Vp} to their closet vertex in Vp is reduced to the minimum. Under these conditions the P-median problem is a combinatory optimization problem that belongs to the NP-hard class and the approximation methods have been of great aid in recent years because of this. In this point, we have chosen data from OR-Library [1] and we have tested three algorithms that have given good results for geographical data （Simulated Annealing, Variable Neighborhood Search, Bioinspired Variable Neighborhood Search and a Tabu Search-VNS Hybrid （TS-VNS）. However, the partitioning method PAM （Partitioning Around Medoids）, that is modeled like the P-median, attained similar results along with TS-VNS but better results than the other metaheuristics for the OR-Library instances, in a favorable computing time, however for bigger instances that represent real states in Mexico, TS-VNS has surpassed PAM in time and quality in all instances. In this work we expose the behavior of these five different algorithms for the test matrices from OR-Library and real geographical data from Mexico. Furthermore, we made an analysis with the goal of explaining the quality of the results obtained to conclude that PAM behaves with efficiency for the OR-Library instances but is overcome by the hybrid when applied to real instances. On the other hand we have tested the 2 best algorithms （PAM and TS-VNS） with geographic data geographic from Jalisco, Queretaro and Nuevo Leon. In this point, as we said before, their performance was different than the OR-Library tests. The algorithm that attains the best results is TS-VNS.

Stabilization of saline silty sand using lime and micro silica

Many construction and post-construction problems have been reported in the literature when saline soils have been used without understanding of their abnormal behavior,especially their inferior bearing capacity in the natural condition.The strength of these soils further decreases on soaking.Saline soil deposits cover extensive areas in central Iran and are associated with geotechnical problems such as excessive differential settlement,susceptibility to strength loss and collapse upon wetting.Because of these characteristics,some of the roads constructed on saline soils in Taleghan area have exhibited deterioration in the form of raveling,cracking and landslides.The main objective of this work is to improve the load-bearing capacity of pavements constructed on Taleghan saline soils using lime and micro silica.Soil samples from Hashtgerd-Taleghan road were collected and tested for improving their properties using lime and micro silica at different dosages ranging from 0 to 6%.The load-bearing capacity of stabilized soil mixtures was evaluated using California Bearing Ratio(CBR) and unconfined compressive strength tests.The test results indicate that the lime improves the performance of soil significantly.The addition of 2% lime with 3% micro silica has satisfied the strength-deformation requirements.Therefore,improved soil can be used as a good subbase in flexible pavements.

The Generalized Clinical Trial Outcomes

The clinical trial based on the likelihood ratio test has many preferred statistical properties such as asymptotic and self-adaptive properties. Along with the constant MCID （minimum clinical important difference）, the conventional trial outcomes can be expanded into the strict, aggressive and conservative outcomes; it makes the interpretations of trial conclusion more flexible. Besides, it will show that the trial goal and trial outcome are different concept. The trial goal switching is not a statistical issue, but a clinical decision.

Evaluation of the Collapsibility of Soils in the Semiarid Region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Some unsaturated soils may undergo volumetric changes when submitted to an increase in its water content or are inundated under applied loads. This behavior is related to the volumetric instability when the water content is changed. Natural collapsible soils in Brazil are generally found in alluvial, colluvial and residual soils. There are known occurrences of natural collapsible soils in many states of Brasil. In the last two decades, many public projects have been developed in areas where the occurrence of collapsible soils has been associated to geotechnical problems. The present paper devoted to study the collapsible soils in the state of Pernambuco which has been associated with large engineering projects such as housing and irrigation canals. The geotechnical investigation program included test with a field apparatus, called Expanso-colapsometer, which allows the measurement of the field settlements of a small 0.10 m of diameter plate inserted at any depth inside an auger boring hole. Reconnaissance borings with SPT （standard penetration test）, investigation pits with undisturbed block sampling and disturbed samples for laboratory tests were also made in order to assess the type and characteristics of the soil. Field tests used the Expanso-colapsometer to measure the settlement of the soil in selected depths under controlled flooding. Laboratory work included double and standard oedometer tests with a controlled rate of water inflow of 1.0 mL/s. It was found that the volume change of the soils when flooded depends on their natural stress state （vertical stress, suction head and structure of soil）.

Modeling approaches to pressure balance dynamic system in shield tunneling

In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial neural network(ANN) and input-output data of the system during shield tunneling and can overcome the precision problem in mechanistic modeling(MM) approach. The computational results show that the training algorithm with Gauss-Newton optimization has fast convergent speed. The experimental investigation indicates that, compared with mechanistic modeling approach, intelligent modeling procedure can obviously increase the precision in both soil pressure fitting and forecasting period. The effectiveness and accuracy of proposed intelligent modeling procedure are verified in laboratory tests.

Issues Related to Categorization of Continuous Independent Variables in Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis in Clinical Trials

Effect of with and without categorization of continuous variables on the number and nature of statistically significant predictors was examined while analyzing clinical trial data. The number of categories required to have consistent statistical inference was also explored. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis was employed with the dependent variable in the model may be a dichotomous/multi-category in nature while the independent variables （predictors） may be either continuous or categorical or ordinal. Real-life clinical trial data was used to answer the objectives. It was found that there was no hard and fast rule to categorize the continuous variables. Sometimes, it was observed that the set of significant predictors identified might change with the criteria of categorization. Certain variables without categorization produced too large odds ratios to interpret meaningfully. The nature as well as number of significant predictors altered with classification criteria often forcing the authors to categorize variables, it is recommended that the independent variables need not be coded, unless otherwise warranted. Coding is needed when the odds ratio is extremely high. In this situation, two or more categories, including regression analysis. median cut off point, will be sufficient to undertake the logistic

Teaching Programming Concepts to K-12 Teachers With Scratch

This study aims to investigate teaching programming concepts to K-12 teachers with Scratch. A total of 10 K-12 teachers enrolled in one graduate course participated in this study. They received lectures, took practices and exercises of Scratch programming and were then asked to design and implement their projects before the semester. It was found that teaching programming concepts to K-12 teachers with Scratch is feasible. K-12 teachers with less computer background can learned basic programming concepts and applied them in their project code implementation. Although no significant difference was found between participants＇ pre-test and post-test on programming self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward learning Scratch programming was revealed in the questionnaire survey and results of interviews. This study paves a way for referring to the teaching of programming concepts for K- 12 teachers.

ESP Needs Analysis： A Case Study of PEH Students, University of Khartoum

Needs analysis is considered a necessary first step in designing ESP courses. This study, therefore, aims at analysing students at the Faculty of Public and Environmental Health （PEH） at the University of Khartoum （U of K）, Sudan, needs for English language. The study adopted the needs analysis framework suggested by Dudley-Evans and St John （1998） focusing on target needs analysis, present situation analysis, and learning means needs analysis. The study used a questionnaire, a proficiency test, and an interview to collect data. The participants were 490 students at PEH （390 participated in the questionnaire and 100 in the proficiency test） and two professors at the Faculty. The study found that PEH students need English language for academic study. The students rated their proficiency as good, but the test revealed that they were of weak proficiency. All the four skills in addition to vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are regarded as important to the students. Similarly, almost all the sub-skills are found to be important. The students have a variety of leaming needs such as learning in pairs, groups, and through ICT. The study recommends that PEH students＇ proficiency should be raised and a course that meets the students＇ needs is needed.

Well-suited Mini Washing Machine and Its Standards Application

The paper introduces the characteristics of a new type washing machine (mini washing machine) and analyzes the global problems solved by mini washing machines from the perspective of meeting different consumers'needs. On the basis of current performance specifications of IEC 60456, it explains how to improve the performance test method of mini washing machine in details, and points out the direction of standards research and test improvement. Meanwhile, the author briefs about other new type washing machines and the developmental trend of washing machines.