从平山县寺家沟试验示范区建设看退耕还林工作中存在的问题及对策

该文结合平山县寺家沟试验示范区建设情况 ,指出了当前退耕还林中存在的一些问题 ,并提出了相应的解决对策。

Selection of Winter Rape Varieties in the National Early Maturing Area

[Objective] This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of rape industry, and to meet the growing demand of urban and rural residents for vegetable oil. [Method] Field test was conducted for winter rape varieties in the national early maturing area in 2015, and their yield, main economic traits, growth period, consistency and stress resistance were evaluated comprehensively. [Result] Xiangyou 420, Qingza 12, Qianyouzao 3 and Yunyouza 16 could be applied in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and Yangguang 1418, Shengguang 127 and Qingza 10 （CK） should be further tested. [Conclusion] The results can be demonstratively applied in Baoshan City and other similar regions, so as to promote the development of rape industry.

An ELISA Based on a Truncated Soluble ORF2 Protein for the Detection of PCV2 Antibodies in Domestic Pigs

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The capsid protein (Cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a PCV2 infection. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TcELISA) based on a truncated soluble Cap protein produced in Escherichia coli (E.coli) was established and validated for the diagnostic PCV2 antibodies in swine. The TcELISA was validated by comparison with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). The diagnostic sensitivity (DSN), specificity (DSP), and accuracy of the TcELISA were 88.6%, 90.7% and 89.4%, respectively. The agreement rate was 89.38% between results obtained with TcELISA and IIFA on 113 field sera. A cross-reactivity assay showed that the method was PCV2-specific by comparison with other sera of viral disease. Therefore ,the TcELISA will be helpful for the development of a reliable serology diagnostic test for large scale detection of PCV2 antibodies and for the evaluation of vaccine against PCV2 in swine.

Experimental Analysis of Shear Strength of Undisturbed Soil in Leucaena Forest in Jiangjia Ravine,Yunnan,China

Five leucaena trees of similar age were chosen in Jiangjia Ravine of Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,China,near which the soil samples were collected by digging profiles 2m in depth and 1m in width.In each section,soil samples at different depths were taken for direct shear experiments to determine the root amount and mechanical composition.It is found that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the undisturbed soil are related to the root amount,depth,clay content and breccias content.Cohesion correlates negatively with root content,a finding that differs from that of other researchers.In addition,internal friction angle correlates positively with all these factors.

Management of liver cirrhosis between primary care and specialists

This article discusses a practical, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis by focusing on etiology, severity, presence of complications, and potential home-managed treatments. Relevant literature from 1985 to 2010 (PubMed) was reviewed. The search criteria were peer-reviewed full papers published in English using the following MESH headings alone or in combination: "ascites", "liver fibrosis", "cirrhosis", "chronic hepatitis", "chronic liver disease", "decompensated cirrhosis", "hepatic encephalopathy", "hypertransaminasemia", "liver transplantation" and "portal hypertension". Forty-nine papers were selected based on the highest quality of evidence for each section and type (original, randomized controlled trial, guideline, and review article), with respect to specialist setting (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Internal Medicine) and primary care. Liver cirrhosis from any cause represents an emerging health issue due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and its complications worldwide. Primary care physicians play a key role in early identification of risk factors, in the management of patients for improving quality and length of life, and for preventing complications. Specialists, by contrast, should guide specific treatments, especially in the case of complications and for selecting patient candidates for liver transplantation. An integrated approach between specialists and primary care physicians is essential for providing better outcomes and appropriate home care for patients with liver cirrhosis.

之三——花羔红点鲑发眼卵长途运输技术

花羔红点鲑是原产于黑龙江省东南和吉林东部长白山区的野生鲑科红点鲑属鱼类,目前正在进行家化养殖试验,本文初步探讨了其发眼卵长途运输技术。 1.发眼卵 运输用发眼卵2.48万粒,是2001年10月28日在吉林省长白县细鳞、花羔红点鲑养殖场经人工采卵获得的3龄亲鱼受精卵。孵化用水水温7℃～8℃,11月28日发眼,12月8日14时孵化积温274℃·d时起运。卵呈淡黄色,粒径4.4mm～4.6mm。

DTP—ELISA试剂盒的试制及应用

本文用 ELISA 法测定了普通人群和免疫前后人血清中白喉、破伤风及百日咳(DTP)抗体水平,并与经典的破伤风抗毒素小鼠中和试验(TNT)、白喉抗毒素家兔皮内中和试验(DNT)及百日咳细菌凝集试验(PA)进行了比较。同时试制出 DTP 血清抗体定性和定量检测药盒。结果表明,在人血清抗体测定中 ELISA 与 TNT、DNT 及 PA 的符合率分别为91.5%、97.9%和91.5%,三者间有良好一致性。20份免疫马血清破伤风抗毒素测定表明 ELISA 与 TNT 相关良好(r=0.84,P<0.01)。以国际上公认的免疫保护水平(TAT≥0.01IU/ml、DAT≥0.01IU/ml 和 PA≥1∶320)为标准,换算成 ELISAP/N 比值(≥2.1)作为试剂盒判断标准,测定了100份普通人群和81例 DTP 接种前后小儿血清,结果100份普通人群血清中含的抗白喉、破伤风及百日咳抗体者分别为28%、38%和45%;接种后小儿血清阳性率分别为88.9%、(白喉)、90.1%(破伤风)和81.5%(百日咳)。ELISA 法具有良好重复性和敏感性,简便经济,可作为临床和流行病学调查及菌苗效果监测的有效工具。

Research and Application of Computer Management of the Test Chemical Products Quality Analysis

According to the regulations of the People＇s Republic of China national standard as the basis, on the part of chemical industry product quality inspection and analysis of the implementation of computer management has developed a set of software applications, the software in chemical products quality inspection and analysis of the means of management is an innovation. The software functions, can automatically process data, judge the product grade, quality analysis, objective and fair, convenient, fast, accurate, stable, practical, and easy to popularize.

Rainfall,Landslide and Debris Flow Intergrowth Relationship in Jiangjia Ravine

Jiangjia Ravine is a world-famous debris flow valley in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,China.Every year large numbers of landslides and collapses happened and caused enormous damages to people's properties and lives.With longtime observation and testing in Jiangjia Ravine we had found out one kind of special landslide which had the characteristics of landslide and collapse.Landslide and collapse supplied sufficient materials for debris flow.When a debris flow broke out,some kind of intergrowth existed among rainfall,landslide and debris flow.In order to study the intergrowth and some key parameters,we carried out artificial rainfall landslide tests and model experiments to observe the phenomena such as collapse,surface slide and surface flow.By observing the experimental phenomena and monitoring water contents,the transformation process among landslide deposits and debris flow under the condition of rainfall had been analyzed.Research results revealed the relationship of this kind of intergrowth among rainfall,landslide and debris flow in Jiangjia Ravine.Meanwhile,it was found that this kind of intergrowth relationship existed only when the moisture content was in a certain range.That is,the critical state seemed to be existed in the transformation process.

Exploration on Internal Inlaying Drip Irrigation Pipe and Standards

In the test, internal inlay drip irrigation pipes with different wal thicknesses or diameters （￠at 12 mm and 16 mm） were tested under varying tension forces and it was concluded that 90 N is the rational one. What’s more, the smal er drip-irrigation inner diameter, the thinner wal thickness, and the higher tension force, the lower acceptability, and the larger drip-irrigation inner diameter, the thicker wal thickness, and the lower tension force, the higher acceptability. The causes were analyzed in the research, including manufacturing technique leading to disqualifica-tion and different specifications with the same demands on techniques, and inadap-tation to tension force at 130 N.

Creep failure mode and criterion of Xiangjiaba sandstone

Based on the results of conventional triaxial compression tests and triaxial compression creep tests on Xiangjiaba sandstone,the failure modes in short-term tests and creep tests,fractography of sandstone after creep failure,short-term and creep failure criterion are analyzed.In the short-term tests and creep tests,the sandstone samples fail in a mix mode consisting of shear failure in a single main plane and tensile failure.Confining pressure can restrict brittle failure and enhance the ductility of sandstone.In the creep tests,brittle fracture is reduced and plastic deformation can fully be developed compared to the condition of short-term tests.And the shear fracture surfaces are flat and they are covered by small particles as a result of friction.When confining pressure increases,particle size decreases while the degree of friction on shear plane increases.On the tensile failure plane,the tensile trace and direction of tearing could be clearly observed.There are obvious tearing steps on the tensile failure plane and tearing laminated structure on the front edge of tearing fracture.The same criterion can be used for the short-term and creep behavior,and the fitting effect using the MOGI criterion is better than the DRUCKER PRAGER criterion.The cohesion and friction angle calculated by the MOGI criterion are in good accordance with those calculated by the MOHR COULOMB criterion.

Radiotherapy combined with surgical treatment for gastric cancer:a meta-analysis

Objective:We carried out a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy combined with surgery for gastric cancer.Methods:Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) in which radiotherapy (preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative),was compared with surgery alone in resectable gastric cancer were identified by searching Cochrane Library (Issue 2,2009),PubMed (Jan 1966-Jun 2009),EMBASE (Jan 1974-Jun 2009),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Jan 1978-Jun 2009),Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database (Jan 1989-Jun 2009),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (Jan 1994-Jun 2009) and Wanfang database (Jan 1997-Jun 2009) in English and Chinese languang.Two researchers assessed the quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCT) extracted data independently.The RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Our researchers assessed the quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCT) extracted data independently.The RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:Nine randomized controlled trials of 1 548 patients were selected for meta-analysis.Five randomized controlled trials were related with comparison of preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery with single surgery.Two randomized controlled trials were the comparative studies between surgery plus postoperative and single surgery.The meta-analysis results showed that:(1) compared with surgery alone,preoperative radiotherapy combined with surgery can increase 3 years (OR=1.78;95% CI 1.14-2.78,P=0.01),5 years (OR=1.67;95% CI 1.22-2.29,P=0.001),10 years (OR=1.64;95% CI 1.03-2.60,P=0.04) survival rate and resection rate (OR=2.15;95% CI 1.31-3.54,P=0.003);reduce the of tumor recurrence rate (OR=0.59;95% CI 0.37-0.92,P=0.02) and metastasis rate (OR=0.44;95% CI 0.27-0.73,P=0.001);(2) The tumor recurrent rates (OR=0.19,95% CI 0.03-1.14,P=0.07) and tumor metastasis rate (OR=0.09;95% CI 0.00-1.77,P=0.11) had no difference between single surgery group and peri-operative radiotherapy plus surgery group;(3) Postoperative radiotherapy compared with surgery alone had no significant effects on 1 year (OR=0.83;95% CI 0.60-1.15,P=0.26) and 3 years (OR=0.75;95% CI 0.51-1.11,P=0.15) survival rate compared with single surgery,but the 5-year survival rates (OR=0.57;95% CI 0.34-0.95,P=0.03) of the patients who received surgery alone was higher than those who received combined therapy.No difference of the tumor recurrence rate (OR=0.59;95% CI 0.33-1.05,P=0.07),tumor metestasis rate (OR=0.90;95% CI 0.51-1.59,P=0.71) and anastomotic leak (OR=0.98;95% CI 0.25-3.65,P=0.98) were observed between the two groups.Conclusion:Preoperative radiotherapy combined surgery is more rational and effective than surgery alone of gastric cancer.However,in terms of the clinical effects of perioperarive or postoperative radoiotherapy combined with surgery,much multicenter,largescale,high-quality,double-blind and rigorously designed studies would be needed than currently available in the future.

Research and design of the main equipments and structure of Xiangjiaba shiplift

The type of pinion and rack vertical shiplifts has been developed in recent a couple of years in the construction of dams.But the design methods and methodologies have rarely been discussed in literature.The Xiangjiaba shiplift is the second shiplift of this type following the Three Gorges shiplift.Being aimed at the technological rationality of the design in synthetically considering security,economy and applicability,this paper presents the research results of some vital issues relating the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift,including the determination of design water depth of ship chamber based on fluid numeral computation and physical model test,the optimum design of general layout of main equipments and the civil structure of the Xiangjiaba shiplift,the finite element method(FEM) analysis of stress,vibration modes and the buckling of ship chamber,antiseismic research and the design of structures and mechanisms of the shiplift and the optimum design of driving mechanisms.This research provides the theoretical basis for the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift.The design principles and research methods are valuable for the design of the same type of shiplifts.

Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water from Farm Homes： Variation between Community Water Supply and Well-Water

Atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, has been found to contaminate groundwater. Atrazine is an endocrine disrupter in animals, and could possibly have carcinogenic effects in humans. A study involving farm families in four Kentucky Counties has been designed to assess exposure to atrazine through drinking water by a quick, reliable, and effective assay that could be performed in non-specialized laboratories. Data were obtained on farming practices and pesticide applications; and drinking water samples were collected from each household. Water consumption for the participants showed that 72% of the households consumed municipal water, 24% had private wells, and 4% used spring water as their source of drinking water. The analytical method used was based on Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The results were obtained using a magnetic-particle-based analysis with spectrophotometric reading and showed presence of atrazine in more than 90% of the samples. Results showed that community drinking water sources had significantly higher atrazine concentrations compared to non-community sources （p-value 〈 0.01）. The results of this study may be used to conduct further exposure assessments for drinking water protection from pesticide contamination.

Reconstruction of October Mean Temperature since 1796 in Wuying Based on Tree Ring Data

The monthly mean temperature for October in the Fenglin National Natural Reserve of Wuying, in Heilongjiang province, was reconstructed for the period running from 1796 to 2004 using RES tree ring chronology. The explained variance of the reconstruction is 34.8%. In the past 209 years, there are 4 colder and 4 warmer periods according to the reconstructed series. A period of 3.33-year is found significant based on the power spectrum method. Abrupt changes are also detected in the reconstructed series with 30-year time scale based on the smoothing t-test, smoothing F-test and Le Page test methods. Significant abrupt changes in mean value are observed for around 1871 and 1900, and a significant abrupt change in standard deviation is observed for around 1851.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Technology of Electric Vehicles and Its Development Trend

The electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles is not only the important technology issue in researches,development and industrialization of electric vehicles,but also the key research area of ISO.In this paper,both national and international standards of electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles are analyzed;it is also suggested that our standards of electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles be improved from several aspects such as testing items,test procedures,limit value,etc.The electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles is analyzed in terms of interfering sources,providing the solutions to electromagnetic compatibility and measures of reducing electromagnetic interference.Advanced equipments introduced into Chinese electromagnetic compatibility testing laboratories accelerate the pace of the researches on related technologies and standards;China will develop the standards system which covers from the complete electric vehicle to the key components,promote the technology improvement and industrialization work of Chinese electric vehicles,transform the latest achievements and advanced experiences of Chinese electric vehicles industry to the related standards and contribute the development of international standards.

Meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating functional dyspepsia of liver-stomach disharmony syndrome

OBJECTIVE： To systematically assess the clinical ef- fectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of functional dyspepsia （FD） of liv- er-stomach disharmony syndrome by meta-analysis. METHODS： Random controlled trials （RCTs） were retrieved from databases, including Pubmed, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VlP Information, and the Cochrane Library. Trials were selected according to inclusion criteria. The ef- fects of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） versus prokinetic agents in the treatment of functional dyspepsia （FD） of liver-stomach disharmony syn- drome were compared by meta-analysis. RevMan 5.0.24 was used for data analysis. The effective rate was assessed by odds ratios （ORs）, and 95% confi- dence intervals （C＇/s） were calculated. The cure rate was analyzed by the Peto OR. Simple statistica~ anal- ysis was chosen to assess the frequency of pre- scribed Chinese herbs in treating this syndrome.RESULTS： Thirteen trials were included, involving 1153 patients, and these were of poor methodolog- ical quality. Twelve studies mentioned the effective rate and cure rate. TCM therapy showed a better clinical effect rate compared with that with proki- netic agents [OR： 3.2, 95% CI （2.27, 4.51）]. The TCM group also had a better cure rate than that in the group of prokinetic agents [Peto OR： 2.26, 95% CI （1.61, 3.18）]. With regard to the frequency of Chi- nese herbs used in these 13 trials, Baishao （Radix Paeoniae）, Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）, and Gancao （Ra- dix Glycyrrhizae） were mostly prescribed, followed by Xiangfu （Rhizoma Cyperi）, Zhishi （Fructus Auran- tii Immaturus）, Zhiqiao （Fructus Aurantii）, Foshou （Citrus medica var.sarcodactylis）, and Chenpi （Peri- carpium Citri Reticulatae）. No serious adverse ef- fects were reported. CONCLUSION： TCM therapy shows a superior effec- tive rate and cure rate compared with those in pro- kinetic agents in the treatment of FD of liver-stom- ach disharmony syndrome. However, further strict- ly designed RCTs are required because of the poor quality of included trials.

Safety and efficacy of Danqipiantan capsule for treatment of stroke: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Danqipiantan capsule （DPC） for the treatment of stroke. METHODS： PubMed, China Science And Technolo- gy Journal Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese periodicals in the China National Knowledge Infra- structure, and the General Hospital of Tianjin Medi- cal University＇s Library were searched until July 2012. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and ob- servational studies that reported the use of DPC for treatment of stroke were selected. RESULTS： Eleven articles that included 12 RCTs, and 2 articles that included 3 observational studies were identified. A total of 2590 patients participat- ed in the studies. We found that there was a signifi-cant statistical difference between DPC treatment groups and the control groups in terms of the effec- tive rate [risk ratio （RR）, 1.14; 95% confidence inter- vals （CI）, 1.04, 1.25; P=0.01], FugI-Meyer Assessment Scale [weighted mean difference （WMD）, 9.77; 95% CI （4.84, 14.70）; P=0.00], Barthel Index [WMD=6.40; 95% CI （3.15, 9.65）], and mean flow velocity [WMD= 5.79; 95% CI （1.64, 9.94）]. There were no significant differences for The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [WMD=0.60; 95% CI （ - 1.09, 2.29）], vi- sual field defects [left visual field： WMD= - 203.10; 95% CI （ - 424.41, 18.21）; right visual field： WMD= - 172.60; 95% CI （ - 409.29, 64.09）] or the functional independence measure [WMD= - 7.90; 95% CI （ - 16.64, 0.84）]. Seven articles that included eight RCTs reported the safety of DPC treatment. Two ar- ticles that included three observational studies also reported beneficial effects for DPC. Because the Chinese studies were of poor methodological quali- ty, and most of the sample sizes were small, our analysis was likely affected by bias. CONCLUSION： DPC has a beneficial effect and is relatively safe when used for the treatment of stroke.

Xuefuzhuyu decoction for hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trails

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuefuzhuyu decoction for hyperlipidemia.METHODS:Randomized clinical trials on hyperlipidemia treated by Xuefuzhuyu decoction,either alone or with Western Medicine,were searched in electronic databases.Databases searched were:MEDLINE,Allied and Complementary Medicine Database,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library 2013(Issue4),China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,and Wanfang Database up to 2 May,2013.Study selection,data extraction,quality assessment,and data analysis were conducted according to the Cochranestandards.RESULTS:Six randomized clinical trials involving748 patients(373 patients in the treatment group,375 patients in the control group)were included in the analysis.The studies were of low methodological quality.Meta-analysis indicated that the effect of Xuefuzhuyu decoction on hyperlipidemia was better than that in the control group[n=748,OR=5.07,95%CI(3.40,7.58),P<0.01].Weighted mean differencesin total cholesterol,low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were﹣0.79,﹣0.74,﹣0.44,0.16,respectively,and Meta-analysis revealed that the treatment group was better than the control group with 95%CI(﹣1.21,﹣0.36),(﹣0.94,﹣0.55),(﹣0.77,﹣0.11),(0.04,0.27),respectively(all P<0.05).Some adverse events in evaluated studies wererecorded.CONCLUSION:Xuefuzhuyu decoction may be effective for treating hyperlipidemia.The studies we analyzed were of low methodological quality,which indicates that the above findings should be considered cautiously.Therefore,more strictly designed large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of Xuefuzhuyu decoction in hyperlipidemia.