孔子的诠释自觉及其历史影响

在中国经典诠释传统中,诠释活动主要是一种“学以成人”的活动。对诠释活动的这种理解源于孔子提出的一种具有突破性的“为学”观,即主张一个人要成为“君子”,就必须通过“为学”,尤其是“读书”“学文”,来效仿圣贤君子的所作所为,并对其“德”与“道”加以深刻理解与把握(“思”与“觉”)。由此,诠释活动便成为“学为君子”不可或缺的活动。这种“为学”观实是基于“人”的自觉而达到“学”的自觉,又由“学”的自觉而达到今天所谓诠释活动的自觉,包括对诠释活动的本质、必要性、重要性以及具体操作的自觉。现代西方的哲学诠释学与孔子的诠释自觉颇有相通之处,但后者包含了一种更为本源的洞见。正是基于孔子的诠释自觉,我国的经典诠释才作为一种连续不断的传统日渐形成,我国的经典诠释传统也主要依据“为学之道”来确定其基本观念、反思路径与问题意识。这为我们建构当代“中国诠释学”提供了重要启示。

Marx＇s Philosophy as Hermeneutics of Praxis

Marx＇s hermeneutics has introduced the concept of praxis into the basic dimension of all understanding and interpretation, and thus has accomplished the “Copernican Revolution” in the history of hermeneutics. This means that we are unable to understand and interpret human existential practical activities from the perspective of idealistic texts, but should understand and interpret the idealistic texts fi＇om the perspective of human existential practical activities. In this way, Marx＇s hermeneutics of praxis has pointed us the general direction of the development of hermeneutics.