Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web...Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.展开更多
This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallo...This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new展开更多
Markedness Theory is one of the most important theories in structural linguistics. Its academic significance has long attracted more scholars and linguists. This paper intends to explore markedness from both formal an...Markedness Theory is one of the most important theories in structural linguistics. Its academic significance has long attracted more scholars and linguists. This paper intends to explore markedness from both formal and semantic perspectives： formal markedness, distributional markedness, and semantic markedness. These three types of markedness are accounted for in detail from their definitions to their characteristics. Then the relationship of these three types of markedness is explicated. The ultimate aim of this paper is to give an insight to markedness phenomenon not only from linguistic form or structure, but from its semantic distinctions and pragmatic use. The study also aims to help foster the greater application of Markedness Theory to other linguistic fields＇ study展开更多
The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding...The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding the state of the dead, among others. These terms are used in diverse contexts with interchangeable nuances in the Book of Job. A living （＂life＂） person （＂soul＂） consists of the body/flesh plus the life principle （＂spirit＂） of which ＂breath＂ is a concrete expression. In poetic contexts, the terminologies denote the physical （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, appetitive （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, psychical （＂spirit＂/＂breath＂）, and emotional （＂soul＂/＂spirit＂） characteristics of the human being. While ＂soul＂ and ＂life＂ tend towards physieality and therefore can be used synonymously for the whole person, ＂spirit＂ and ＂breath＂ tend towards non-physicality and express such phenomena as intellection and wind. A study of these terminologies in other poetic texts in the Hebrew Bible may evince similar semantic configurations as found in the Book of Job.展开更多
This paper presents the result of research of deep structure of natural language. The main result attained is the existence of a deterministic mathematical model that relates phonetics to associated mental images star...This paper presents the result of research of deep structure of natural language. The main result attained is the existence of a deterministic mathematical model that relates phonetics to associated mental images starting from the simplest linguistic units in agreement with the human response to different acoustic stimuli. Moreover, there exists two level hierarchy for natural language understanding. The first level uncovers the conceptual meaning of linguistic units, and hence forming a corresponding mental image. At the second level the operational meaning is found to suit, context, pragmatics, and world knowledge. This agrees with our knowledge about human cognition. The resulting model is parallel, hierarchical but still concise to explain the speed of natural language understanding.展开更多
This paper discusses the history of linguistics in the west, as well as the features, the spokesmen and the contributions of different schools in different times. The learners can understand the linguistic schools in ...This paper discusses the history of linguistics in the west, as well as the features, the spokesmen and the contributions of different schools in different times. The learners can understand the linguistic schools in the west by analyzing them and then improve their ability to analyze languages.展开更多
As a different type of research in the philosophy of science, biological theory has always attracted scholarly attention. One reason for this phenomenon is that it differs from the traditional scientific paradigm. To ...As a different type of research in the philosophy of science, biological theory has always attracted scholarly attention. One reason for this phenomenon is that it differs from the traditional scientific paradigm. To explore the root of this difference, we need to examine closely the theoretical foundations and structure of biology. The complexity of the multiple contexts and semantic structures expressed in the theoretical structure specific to biology requires that research on the theoretical foundation of biology incorporate semantic analysis. It is particularly necessary to conduct semantic decomposition of the theories themselves and study their semantic correlations. In doing so, we can discern the rationality of the biological model as a special form of scientific explanation distinct from that of physics and chemistry.展开更多
This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic pr...This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic properties of the target VLPPs that relate to change-of-location in sentences such as The boat floated under the bridge arise from an uninterpretable syntactic feature selected by English but unselected by Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. Results obtained from an animated cartoon selection task indicate that neither the Mandarin nor the Spanish speakers at any level of English proficiency possess native-like interpretative knowledge. Tense/ Aspect effects on the interpretation of the target constructions by Spanish speakers were also found. These results are interpreted as consistent with the Representational Deficit Hypothesis view （Hawkins, 2003, 2005） of adult second language acquisition.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.1999032710).
文摘Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.
文摘This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new
文摘Markedness Theory is one of the most important theories in structural linguistics. Its academic significance has long attracted more scholars and linguists. This paper intends to explore markedness from both formal and semantic perspectives： formal markedness, distributional markedness, and semantic markedness. These three types of markedness are accounted for in detail from their definitions to their characteristics. Then the relationship of these three types of markedness is explicated. The ultimate aim of this paper is to give an insight to markedness phenomenon not only from linguistic form or structure, but from its semantic distinctions and pragmatic use. The study also aims to help foster the greater application of Markedness Theory to other linguistic fields＇ study
文摘The terms ＂soul,＂ ＂spirit,＂ ＂breath,＂ and ＂life＂ occur several times each in the Book of Job. A proper understanding of these terms in Scripture, especially ＂soul＂ and ＂spirit＂ is integral to understanding the state of the dead, among others. These terms are used in diverse contexts with interchangeable nuances in the Book of Job. A living （＂life＂） person （＂soul＂） consists of the body/flesh plus the life principle （＂spirit＂） of which ＂breath＂ is a concrete expression. In poetic contexts, the terminologies denote the physical （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, appetitive （＂soul＂/＂life＂）, psychical （＂spirit＂/＂breath＂）, and emotional （＂soul＂/＂spirit＂） characteristics of the human being. While ＂soul＂ and ＂life＂ tend towards physieality and therefore can be used synonymously for the whole person, ＂spirit＂ and ＂breath＂ tend towards non-physicality and express such phenomena as intellection and wind. A study of these terminologies in other poetic texts in the Hebrew Bible may evince similar semantic configurations as found in the Book of Job.
文摘This paper presents the result of research of deep structure of natural language. The main result attained is the existence of a deterministic mathematical model that relates phonetics to associated mental images starting from the simplest linguistic units in agreement with the human response to different acoustic stimuli. Moreover, there exists two level hierarchy for natural language understanding. The first level uncovers the conceptual meaning of linguistic units, and hence forming a corresponding mental image. At the second level the operational meaning is found to suit, context, pragmatics, and world knowledge. This agrees with our knowledge about human cognition. The resulting model is parallel, hierarchical but still concise to explain the speed of natural language understanding.
文摘This paper discusses the history of linguistics in the west, as well as the features, the spokesmen and the contributions of different schools in different times. The learners can understand the linguistic schools in the west by analyzing them and then improve their ability to analyze languages.
文摘As a different type of research in the philosophy of science, biological theory has always attracted scholarly attention. One reason for this phenomenon is that it differs from the traditional scientific paradigm. To explore the root of this difference, we need to examine closely the theoretical foundations and structure of biology. The complexity of the multiple contexts and semantic structures expressed in the theoretical structure specific to biology requires that research on the theoretical foundation of biology incorporate semantic analysis. It is particularly necessary to conduct semantic decomposition of the theories themselves and study their semantic correlations. In doing so, we can discern the rationality of the biological model as a special form of scientific explanation distinct from that of physics and chemistry.
文摘This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic properties of the target VLPPs that relate to change-of-location in sentences such as The boat floated under the bridge arise from an uninterpretable syntactic feature selected by English but unselected by Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. Results obtained from an animated cartoon selection task indicate that neither the Mandarin nor the Spanish speakers at any level of English proficiency possess native-like interpretative knowledge. Tense/ Aspect effects on the interpretation of the target constructions by Spanish speakers were also found. These results are interpreted as consistent with the Representational Deficit Hypothesis view （Hawkins, 2003, 2005） of adult second language acquisition.
