一、概述 介词是德语中一个比较活跃的词类,它使用广,含义多,而且还在不断的发展和丰富,它是德语修辞的重要手段之一.本人参照国内出版的有关书籍并结合自己的教学实践,对德语介词的发展、特点、应用作了一些探讨望能为德语学习者解决...一、概述 介词是德语中一个比较活跃的词类,它使用广,含义多,而且还在不断的发展和丰富,它是德语修辞的重要手段之一.本人参照国内出版的有关书籍并结合自己的教学实践,对德语介词的发展、特点、应用作了一些探讨望能为德语学习者解决一些学习上的困难,提供一定的帮助.二、介词的支配关系 介词是一种不变化的词类,用来表示句中词与词之间以及句子成份之间的相互关系。介词不能单独使用,要与其搭配的名词、代词或形容词、副词等组成介词词组,才能表述它在句中的地点、时间、情状、原因等各种关系.介词最重要的是它的支配关系,即支配一定格的名词或代词.根据其支配关系.介词可分为以下四种:支配第二格的介词;支配第三格的介词;支配第四格的介词;支配第三格和第四格的介词.1.支配第二格的介词有:wahrend,wegen,infolge,statt,auβerhalb,innerhall trotz等(大约89个)例:Wegen der Kankheit kommt er nicht.由于生病他没有来.W ahrend der Sommerferien arbeiten die Studenten noch.署假期间,学生们还在工作.展开更多
Objective To compare the event-related potentials （ERPs） waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and ＂...Objective To compare the event-related potentials （ERPs） waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and ＂preposition＂. Results Both verbs and prepositions elicited a negativity at the frontal site in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window. No difference was seen in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window; In difference waves, a negativity was elicited in the left and fight hemisphere at about 270-400 ms and 470-600 ms window for both open and closed-class words. Conclusion These may demonstrate that prepositions in modem Chinese are probably not a separate class from verbs and that N280 may be not a specific component for only prepositions （or closed-class words）.展开更多
This paper reviews the articles with ＂fossilization of interlanguage＂ as key words in CNKI, and classifies and analyzes them from six aspects： fossilization and FL teaching; concept, origin and avoidance of fossili...This paper reviews the articles with ＂fossilization of interlanguage＂ as key words in CNKI, and classifies and analyzes them from six aspects： fossilization and FL teaching; concept, origin and avoidance of fossilization; L1 transfer on fossilization; fossilization and linguistic output; Discourse markers and fossilization; the fossilization of interlanguage from psychology or cognition. It is intended to probe fossilization and its enlightenment and reference to SLA.展开更多
Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in...Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in particular that can help people to communicate better？ This paper finds the route for individuals to communicate better, understand each other, and promote values of both our society and culture demand. Three main issues are presented to reach this goal： Firstly, the platonic theory about names, if things are called by convention or by its nature. Secondly, three methods by which these names are used： the grammar, the rhetoric, and the dialectics. Lastly, how orality is a fundamental means for human communication. Each of these subjects will become arguments to support that dialogue is the most suitable and human way for men to communicate, because it gives the necessary tools to man to build himself according to his nature, that is to say, the search for the good and the rational perfection.展开更多
One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares l...One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares learners＇ anxiety in two different classrooms in which learners were instructed by two forms of artifacts： materializing and verbalizing. The Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale （FLLAS） scores before and after a 13-week experimental treatment course were used to compare learners＇ anxiety before and after receiving intervention by two means. In this study, the lower score of anxiety was for the group which did verbalization practice in the class; however, both groups showed the same performance on listening test.展开更多
This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students＇ written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL （English as a foreign language） learners＇ writi...This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students＇ written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL （English as a foreign language） learners＇ writing assignments are observed. Results show that among 12 typical errors, five types of errors are declining while the rest are increasing, indicating a tendency towards fossilization. Analysis shows that negative/corrective feedback has played a key role in reducing fossilization of some errors, but it does not work in every case. Some errors tend to be fossilized for several reasons. First, language items that do not have a direct form-function relationship are likely to be fossilized. Second, advanced learners create their own language system and neglect the basic rules of grammar. Third, task difficulty takes learners＇ attention away from form to meaning. Fourth, ingrained thinking patterns have a great impact on how learners organize their thoughts in writing. It is true that many Chinese EFL advanced learners reach a plateau in the process of acquiring English. However, attention, consciousness, and training of self-monitoring ability will help destabilize their interlanguage system.展开更多
Dana Gioia in her publication Disappearing Ink： Poetry at the End of Print Culture, draws attention to the increasing popularity of oral forms of poetry--rap, cowboy poetry, poetry slams and performance poetry Accord...Dana Gioia in her publication Disappearing Ink： Poetry at the End of Print Culture, draws attention to the increasing popularity of oral forms of poetry--rap, cowboy poetry, poetry slams and performance poetry According to Gioia, transformation of author ＂from an invisible creator of typographic language to a physical presence performing aloud＂, leads to formulation of a strong antithesis for Barthes＇ ＂death of the author＂, namely ＂death of the text＂. In her paper, Gioia assumes that the appearance of the author in his physical presence on stage performing text is equivalent to rebirth of an author and his restoration of power over the meaning of text. This assumption results from a strong division between the process of production and the process of reception of text, which maintains a strong opposition among author, text, and reader. This paper presents slam poetry as an event, during which prepared, written text merges with spoken word susceptible to voices from the audience. This fusion leads to rejection of strong division between production and reception of text and thus between author and reader making all of them participants. Print medium is replaced with living body, which responds to the audience and their reception of text. Text is no longer perceived as an artifact, but as a performative process focused on interaction between participants, which cannot exist outside the event展开更多
This article develops an empirical an investigation on the errors in compositions written by students who are studying in Luzhou Vocational and Technical College （LVTC） and Luzhou Medical College （LMC） and contras...This article develops an empirical an investigation on the errors in compositions written by students who are studying in Luzhou Vocational and Technical College （LVTC） and Luzhou Medical College （LMC） and contrasts them in order to trace the source of the errors. It finally turns out to be that there exists strong correlation between students＇ academic quality and the number of errors of various types. Compared with ordinary university students, vocational and technical college （VTC） students＇ interlanguage （IL） errors seem to be more rudimental, and more negative-transferring, most of which are influenced by their mother tongue （MT）-Chinese. VTC students＇ general error in writing is misspelling, while university students ＇ major error lies in collocation. In this thesis, some practical enlightenment about learning and teaching English writing are also proposed.展开更多
This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their ...This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their difficulties to apply Internet at universities. This study used quantitative and qualitative （mixed） method which consisted of two data collection techniques： questionnaire and interview. Respondents total 153 students who responded to the questionnaire and participants interviewed were four students from two private universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that students have positive attitude towards ICT use as media for learning English. The data analysis strengthens the results which indicate that Intemet as part oflCT functions helps students to elicit useful information. Of the 99.4% participants respond to the questionnaire which stated strongly agree or agree, its mean score is M = 4.69, and its standard deviation is SD = 0.50. The level of students＇ ability to apply ICT is good. Moreover, interview data indicates that students face two difficulties to apply ICT such as Intemet connection problems and ICT illiteracy. The former is regarding the Intemet facility given by the university. The latter deals with the students＇ incompetence in applying ICT because they have no Intemet use experience.展开更多
文摘一、概述 介词是德语中一个比较活跃的词类,它使用广,含义多,而且还在不断的发展和丰富,它是德语修辞的重要手段之一.本人参照国内出版的有关书籍并结合自己的教学实践,对德语介词的发展、特点、应用作了一些探讨望能为德语学习者解决一些学习上的困难,提供一定的帮助.二、介词的支配关系 介词是一种不变化的词类,用来表示句中词与词之间以及句子成份之间的相互关系。介词不能单独使用,要与其搭配的名词、代词或形容词、副词等组成介词词组,才能表述它在句中的地点、时间、情状、原因等各种关系.介词最重要的是它的支配关系,即支配一定格的名词或代词.根据其支配关系.介词可分为以下四种:支配第二格的介词;支配第三格的介词;支配第四格的介词;支配第三格和第四格的介词.1.支配第二格的介词有:wahrend,wegen,infolge,statt,auβerhalb,innerhall trotz等(大约89个)例:Wegen der Kankheit kommt er nicht.由于生病他没有来.W ahrend der Sommerferien arbeiten die Studenten noch.署假期间,学生们还在工作.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China （No. 03BYY013） the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. QL200504）.
文摘Objective To compare the event-related potentials （ERPs） waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and ＂preposition＂. Results Both verbs and prepositions elicited a negativity at the frontal site in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window. No difference was seen in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window; In difference waves, a negativity was elicited in the left and fight hemisphere at about 270-400 ms and 470-600 ms window for both open and closed-class words. Conclusion These may demonstrate that prepositions in modem Chinese are probably not a separate class from verbs and that N280 may be not a specific component for only prepositions （or closed-class words）.
文摘This paper reviews the articles with ＂fossilization of interlanguage＂ as key words in CNKI, and classifies and analyzes them from six aspects： fossilization and FL teaching; concept, origin and avoidance of fossilization; L1 transfer on fossilization; fossilization and linguistic output; Discourse markers and fossilization; the fossilization of interlanguage from psychology or cognition. It is intended to probe fossilization and its enlightenment and reference to SLA.
文摘Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in particular that can help people to communicate better？ This paper finds the route for individuals to communicate better, understand each other, and promote values of both our society and culture demand. Three main issues are presented to reach this goal： Firstly, the platonic theory about names, if things are called by convention or by its nature. Secondly, three methods by which these names are used： the grammar, the rhetoric, and the dialectics. Lastly, how orality is a fundamental means for human communication. Each of these subjects will become arguments to support that dialogue is the most suitable and human way for men to communicate, because it gives the necessary tools to man to build himself according to his nature, that is to say, the search for the good and the rational perfection.
文摘One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares learners＇ anxiety in two different classrooms in which learners were instructed by two forms of artifacts： materializing and verbalizing. The Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale （FLLAS） scores before and after a 13-week experimental treatment course were used to compare learners＇ anxiety before and after receiving intervention by two means. In this study, the lower score of anxiety was for the group which did verbalization practice in the class; however, both groups showed the same performance on listening test.
文摘This research is designed to investigate interlanguage fossilization in Chinese college students＇ written output. Twelve common linguistic errors from 20 Chinese EFL （English as a foreign language） learners＇ writing assignments are observed. Results show that among 12 typical errors, five types of errors are declining while the rest are increasing, indicating a tendency towards fossilization. Analysis shows that negative/corrective feedback has played a key role in reducing fossilization of some errors, but it does not work in every case. Some errors tend to be fossilized for several reasons. First, language items that do not have a direct form-function relationship are likely to be fossilized. Second, advanced learners create their own language system and neglect the basic rules of grammar. Third, task difficulty takes learners＇ attention away from form to meaning. Fourth, ingrained thinking patterns have a great impact on how learners organize their thoughts in writing. It is true that many Chinese EFL advanced learners reach a plateau in the process of acquiring English. However, attention, consciousness, and training of self-monitoring ability will help destabilize their interlanguage system.
文摘Dana Gioia in her publication Disappearing Ink： Poetry at the End of Print Culture, draws attention to the increasing popularity of oral forms of poetry--rap, cowboy poetry, poetry slams and performance poetry According to Gioia, transformation of author ＂from an invisible creator of typographic language to a physical presence performing aloud＂, leads to formulation of a strong antithesis for Barthes＇ ＂death of the author＂, namely ＂death of the text＂. In her paper, Gioia assumes that the appearance of the author in his physical presence on stage performing text is equivalent to rebirth of an author and his restoration of power over the meaning of text. This assumption results from a strong division between the process of production and the process of reception of text, which maintains a strong opposition among author, text, and reader. This paper presents slam poetry as an event, during which prepared, written text merges with spoken word susceptible to voices from the audience. This fusion leads to rejection of strong division between production and reception of text and thus between author and reader making all of them participants. Print medium is replaced with living body, which responds to the audience and their reception of text. Text is no longer perceived as an artifact, but as a performative process focused on interaction between participants, which cannot exist outside the event
文摘This article develops an empirical an investigation on the errors in compositions written by students who are studying in Luzhou Vocational and Technical College （LVTC） and Luzhou Medical College （LMC） and contrasts them in order to trace the source of the errors. It finally turns out to be that there exists strong correlation between students＇ academic quality and the number of errors of various types. Compared with ordinary university students, vocational and technical college （VTC） students＇ interlanguage （IL） errors seem to be more rudimental, and more negative-transferring, most of which are influenced by their mother tongue （MT）-Chinese. VTC students＇ general error in writing is misspelling, while university students ＇ major error lies in collocation. In this thesis, some practical enlightenment about learning and teaching English writing are also proposed.
文摘This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their difficulties to apply Internet at universities. This study used quantitative and qualitative （mixed） method which consisted of two data collection techniques： questionnaire and interview. Respondents total 153 students who responded to the questionnaire and participants interviewed were four students from two private universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that students have positive attitude towards ICT use as media for learning English. The data analysis strengthens the results which indicate that Intemet as part oflCT functions helps students to elicit useful information. Of the 99.4% participants respond to the questionnaire which stated strongly agree or agree, its mean score is M = 4.69, and its standard deviation is SD = 0.50. The level of students＇ ability to apply ICT is good. Moreover, interview data indicates that students face two difficulties to apply ICT such as Intemet connection problems and ICT illiteracy. The former is regarding the Intemet facility given by the university. The latter deals with the students＇ incompetence in applying ICT because they have no Intemet use experience.
