基于语式差异的英汉政治话语语法隐喻分布的对比研究

本研究基于语料详细对比分析了不同语式的英汉政治话语在语法隐喻分布上的特征。首先,本研究通过计算词汇密度和语法复杂度界定了英汉3类语篇(报告、演讲和访谈语篇)的语式差异。基于语法隐喻实例的量化结果,分别构建了英汉3类语篇的语法隐喻使用度连续体,并对比和阐释了英汉3类语篇在语法隐喻分布上的差异。结果表明,英语政治报告语篇中语法隐喻使用度高于汉语报告语篇,但英语演讲和访谈语篇中语法隐喻使用度均低于汉语同语式语篇。通过对概念隐喻的分析,研究发现:英汉报告语篇在隐喻类型1、类型2、类型6和类型13的分布上差异较大,英汉演讲和访谈语篇在类型5和类型6的分布上差异较大。在对人际隐喻的分析中发现,英汉演讲和访谈语篇主要使用情态语法隐喻,尤其是“可能性”隐喻。探索不同语式政治话语中的语法隐喻分布特征有助于更好地把握语言与语境的关系。

English Vocabulary Memorizing Strategies by Chinese University Students

The findings of the study indicate that students prefer to engage in the vocabulary learning strategies that would be most appealing to them and that would entail less manipulation of the language. Of the four vocabulary memorizing strategies cited in the study （rote repetition, structural associations, semantic strategies, and mnemonic keyword techniques）, students apparently tended to favor the second and the third ones, though rote repetition remains appealing to some of them. Mnemonic devices such as keyword method were rather unpopular to most of the students because they would involve the learners in more active performance of the target language.

A Few Tips on Culture Teaching

With the development of the society, culture is becoming a crucial factor in language teaching. This paper tries to discuss in detail how to do culture teaching effectively from the following aspects： plotting, theme, rhythm, flow and ending.

Why is English Learned in China？

English is widely taught and learned in China nowadays. Wherever you go, you may find English language is taught and learned as a compulsory course from the third year of primary school onwards from 2001. In addition, adults who have not had any education in English before are now encouraged to take up English lessons in formal teaching or take English courses in self-taught ways. Why English is so widely learned in China？ This research will help us to find the factors encouraging this phenomenon either from the historical background, or from our education policies and people＇s learning motivation.

The Impact of English Immersion on Children

This article does some researches on the impact of English Immersion on children. Through the practice and observation of children in the immersion program, we find that English Immersion has the following impacts on children： 1） The English language learning is immersed into the process of thematic activities, Children in the Immersion learn English naturally, joyfully and systematically. They tend to cooperate well. 2） The language immersion is an integrated model in which children feel no cultural barriers. 3） English learning enhances the learning of Pingying, and vice versa. 4） There is little gap between genders. 5） Social and economic difference does not influence their learning. 6） English rhyming, chanting and songs arouse great interest in them. 7） Drama makes children very confident in their performance. They learn to think and settle problems through the performance. English immersion gives children cognitive development and enforces the language they are learning.

On the Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Speaking People in Their Thinking Modes from the Perspective of Second Language Acquisition

The recent years have witnessed increasing opportunities for people from various cultural backgrounds to communicate with each other, which is naturally based on a general grasp of cultural knowledge and communicative techniques in cross-cultural settings. However, there often exist cultural clashes in such cases, especially between Chinese and English speaking people, which are deeply rooted in the wide differences in their languages and thinking modes. Indeed, this also serves to be an important part in the acquisition of the English culture for Chinese students in the current educational climate. The paper is intended to provide a contrastive analysis of the major cultural differences between Chinese and English speaking people in their thinking modes in three aspects of the descriptive versus the formal, the concrete versus the abstract, and the practical versus the logical form the linguistic perspective. And the paper comes to the conclusion that a general understanding of these significant differences may enable Chinese-speaking people and English-speaking people to establish a more efficient communication with each other.

Intercultural Communication Failure： A Case Study

The paper makes a case study of the intercultural communication failure, which is caused by the presence of stereotypes and preconceptions. It analyzes the communication problems with Hyme＇s SPEAKING framework. From the analysis, it is concluded, that individuals who hope to carry out effective intercultural interaction must learn to understand the expectations and preconceptions of those they want to talk with.

Meaning and Form

Through the analysis of the translation of words, phrases, sentences and passages, this paper discusses the problem of whether to put emphasis on the translation of the meaning or on the reservation of the forms of the original works in translation. This paper puts forward that the translation of the meaning is more important, and the meaning of the original should take the advantage when the forms and the meanings cannot be reserved at the same time. And it also says that in no way should the translator sacrifice the translation of the meaning for the sake of keeping the form, and the translator should avoid translating word for word without thinking of the translation of the meaning. This paper also discusses about the consideration of the style of the original, the target readers and the style of the writer. This paper puts forward that in translation importance should be placed on the translation of the meaning rather than keeping the form.

DESIGN AND STUDY OF SHADOWNET-BASED BICULTURAL COMMUNICATION MODE

A ShadowNet-based communication mode was designed,and some related activities planned and carried out,for an experimental cooperative project between two universities in China and the US.The students' post-survey results from both parties were analyzed and compared and it appeared that the ShadowNet system helped the students improve the following:an awareness of cultural difference,an openness toward cultural diversity,and a deeper appreciation for the significance of cultural identity in language learning and teaching.It also facilitated some direct improvements in the language acquisition of the Chinese ESL learners and the teaching ability of their American counter-parts.