Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology...Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology of analysis of architecture called shape grammars. The idea is to recognize peculiarities in the occupation of the land and the volumetric features of the buildings. Rocinha favela, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study with the primary aim of extrapolating a set of rules for its morphological features so that these rules can be used to generate new shapes, whilst bearing in mind the issues of adaptation and transformation which are so characteristic of informal settlements. There is some expectation that this study may help improve the housing and public space in the favela and enable new housing programs to observe the way the buildings and different architectural elements combined, forming a new channel of interchange with the spatial organization of the favela.展开更多
The present study was an attempt made to explore the nature of utilizing nicknames, as an insufficiently researched area, in the context of Ilami Kurdish highschools. To realize this purpose, randomly as many as 200 m...The present study was an attempt made to explore the nature of utilizing nicknames, as an insufficiently researched area, in the context of Ilami Kurdish highschools. To realize this purpose, randomly as many as 200 male and female highschool students from both state and non-state schools were asked to participate in the survey by filling in the forms given to them. The elicited nicknames were those commonly used by students in their own mother tongue, that is Ilami Kurdish and not in Persian, as the formal language of people across lran. The data gathered were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that physical characteristics, both for male and female students, accounted for the greatest category based on which nicknames were shaped among highschool students. Moreover, the most nicknames applied by llami Kurdish highschool students were found to be neutrally evaluated followed by positive and negative evaluation, respectively. Finally, statistical computation done by SPSS package demonstrated that gender did not act as a significant variable in this inquiry.展开更多
文摘Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology of analysis of architecture called shape grammars. The idea is to recognize peculiarities in the occupation of the land and the volumetric features of the buildings. Rocinha favela, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study with the primary aim of extrapolating a set of rules for its morphological features so that these rules can be used to generate new shapes, whilst bearing in mind the issues of adaptation and transformation which are so characteristic of informal settlements. There is some expectation that this study may help improve the housing and public space in the favela and enable new housing programs to observe the way the buildings and different architectural elements combined, forming a new channel of interchange with the spatial organization of the favela.
文摘The present study was an attempt made to explore the nature of utilizing nicknames, as an insufficiently researched area, in the context of Ilami Kurdish highschools. To realize this purpose, randomly as many as 200 male and female highschool students from both state and non-state schools were asked to participate in the survey by filling in the forms given to them. The elicited nicknames were those commonly used by students in their own mother tongue, that is Ilami Kurdish and not in Persian, as the formal language of people across lran. The data gathered were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that physical characteristics, both for male and female students, accounted for the greatest category based on which nicknames were shaped among highschool students. Moreover, the most nicknames applied by llami Kurdish highschool students were found to be neutrally evaluated followed by positive and negative evaluation, respectively. Finally, statistical computation done by SPSS package demonstrated that gender did not act as a significant variable in this inquiry.
