再探李约瑟之谜:科学发生还需什么前提

2015年笔者曾撰文探讨为什么中国在历史上未产生科学,结论是缺乏一个必要前提--逻辑,而缺乏主谓结构的逻辑跟汉语不以主谓句式为主相关。本文给出科学成立的三项必要前提:齐一性、逻辑、实证观,随之探讨两个问题:1.科学发生除了逻辑是否还有其他未满足的必要条件?答案是还需要齐一性和实证观。齐一性的产生与语言中的主语必要性高度相关。在中国历史上实证在实践方面存在,但在认识论上很缺乏。2.为什么其他文化如印度、阿拉伯或印第安文化也没发展出科学?答案是在那些文化中三项前提都至少缺少一项。李约瑟之谜是一个针对特殊现象使用否定句来提的问题:“为什么在某地不产生某物?”这样提问容易得出特设性答案;应该用肯定句来问一个一般性问题:“某物产生的一般条件是什么?”这样提问才能引向科学研究。

Presupposition Analysis in Advertising Language

In modem society, advertising plays a very important role in people＇s daily life. We can not imagine the world without advertisements. Advertisers try every means to design persuasive advertisements for their products by attractive patterns, photos and colors, as well as commonly shared resources of language. The use of presupposition in advertising language, which is an important topic in pragmaties, can serve the function fairly well. This paper first presents a general review of previous studies on presupposition phenomena in advertising language, then investigates the use of presuppositions in advertising language by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. By qualitative analysis, the author tries to explore the functions of each type of presuppositions in advertising texts; by quantitative analysis, 100 sentences selected from various advertisements for different products are examined.

On the Relationship between Language and Culture

The so-called culture refers to the tradition and style of a nation to be gradually formed in the historical development process. Language is an important reflection to culture. In fact, all sorts of views about the relationship between language and culture have been proposed in the academic circles, which are varied greatly and unable to agree with each other. In Sapir Whorf Hypothesis, Marxist theory, Grimshaw theory, and Chomsky theory, an intimate relationship between language and culture is seriously considered. Then, what is the counection between language and culture？ This is discussed in the paper, hoping to play a role of reference and help people better understand language, culture, and the objective world people live in.

Factors Affecting English Reading of High School Studies

Compared with the skills of listening and speaking, reading is commonly considered to be one of the most difficult skills to be improved for the middle school students. The slow progression results from various obstacles the students might confront in their reading. This essay makes a summary of various difficulties that hinder the students＇ successful reading comprehension, from the aspects of vocabulary, sentence and grammar, understanding of a passage, habits of reading, logic thinking, meanings of language and culture background.

Influences of Chinese culture and mode of thinking on English writing

Thinking patterns and the language features differ from one cultural background to another. Differences between Chinese and English culture diversify the writing patterns of the two languages. The importance of cultivating students＇ cultural awareness is obvious in college English teaching process. This paper discusses the relationship between thought based on culture and English writing, and the characters of language transition by way of contrastive analysis. It also reveals the importance of improving English thinking ability and removing the native language interference in English writing. The main premise of the paper is that effective communication is more than a matter of language proficiency and that, cultural competence can also lead to empathy and respect toward different cultures.

On the Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Speaking People in Their Thinking Modes from the Perspective of Second Language Acquisition

The recent years have witnessed increasing opportunities for people from various cultural backgrounds to communicate with each other, which is naturally based on a general grasp of cultural knowledge and communicative techniques in cross-cultural settings. However, there often exist cultural clashes in such cases, especially between Chinese and English speaking people, which are deeply rooted in the wide differences in their languages and thinking modes. Indeed, this also serves to be an important part in the acquisition of the English culture for Chinese students in the current educational climate. The paper is intended to provide a contrastive analysis of the major cultural differences between Chinese and English speaking people in their thinking modes in three aspects of the descriptive versus the formal, the concrete versus the abstract, and the practical versus the logical form the linguistic perspective. And the paper comes to the conclusion that a general understanding of these significant differences may enable Chinese-speaking people and English-speaking people to establish a more efficient communication with each other.

Learn Chinese and Western Culture From the ＂Kung Fu Panda＂

This paper introduces the film ＂Kung Fu Panda,＂ which contains the elements of Chinese culture and Western culture, respectively, from the philosophical thinking, animal image, folk life and expression of Chinglish and etiquette introduced Chinese elements, from individualism, fatalism and character introduced western culture reflected in the movie.The success of the film in the world shows that the new trend of the integration of Chinese and Western culture in the context of globalization. At the end of the paper, it gives the inspiration of the film ＂Kung Fu Panda＂ to the Chinese culture communication.

THE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE OF COOPERATIVE ENGLISH TEACHING IN NTU

合作教学作为一种有效的教学方式,20世纪70年代初兴起于美国,80年代—90年代在中国也有实践研究。一名外教和两名中国英语教师于2006年—2007年在宁夏师范学院就《英语国家社会文化》课程进行合作教学实践研究,旨在开阔学生视野,提高学生跨文化意识和小课题研究能力,以及提高教师合作和专业发展能力。实践合作教学如何很好地促进学生学习有效性和教师专业发展,探索合作教学对职前和在职师范教育培训的有效性,合作教学实践和效果检测表明"合作教学"虽有压力和挑战,但能很好地调动学生的学习积极性和主动性,能很好地提高学生的学习自主性,开阔了学生的文化视野,培养了学生跨文化意识和小课题研究能力,尤其是很好地促进了合作教师的协作能力、科研能力和文化洞察力等专业能力发展。结论认为合作教学方式是一种有效的培训方式,值得提倡。