分布形态学(Distributed Morphology,DM)与主流最简方案(Minimalist Program,MP)对语言机能的内容、词项设计、语法架构设计有不同看法。本文从生物语言学三大核心课题——后成、界面和原子——的角度讨论MP的问题和DM的相对优势。DM更...分布形态学(Distributed Morphology,DM)与主流最简方案(Minimalist Program,MP)对语言机能的内容、词项设计、语法架构设计有不同看法。本文从生物语言学三大核心课题——后成、界面和原子——的角度讨论MP的问题和DM的相对优势。DM更侧重计算向界面的移交问题,有完整的外化方案,是真正的实现主义理论,其核心设计——抽象语素——导致词库论词项(vocabulary item,VI)三分与词项延插,使形态成为串联各模块,分配和调度各类任务、信息的架构性模块。而MP坚持的词库论词项因其生物性与社会性的矛盾,不可能是递归合并的项或狭义语言机能(Faculty of Language in the narrow sense,FLN)内容,并令句法计算沦为“按预设程序展开词项信息”的过程。DM的两类抽象语素词根和特征均是纯形式的句法原子,它们的合并既是无限的,也受界面读解的制约;抽象与具体语素的联系是计算与界面及行为系统的后成性联系。相反,MP固守句法中心论,不仅导致计算与界面的分裂和句法的外化成为无趣的陈述性关系,也拒绝了基因天赋与后成天赋统一的可能。总之,DM关于词项和架构的设计更能代表生物语言学的方向。展开更多
Most efficient indeces and query techniques over XML （extensible markup language） data are based on a certain labeling scheme, which can quickly determine ancestor-descendant and parent-child relationship between tw...Most efficient indeces and query techniques over XML （extensible markup language） data are based on a certain labeling scheme, which can quickly determine ancestor-descendant and parent-child relationship between two nodes. The current basic labeling schemes such as containment scheme and prefix scheme cannot avoid re- labeling when XML documents are updated. After analyzing the essence of existing dynamic XML labels such as compact dynamic binary string （CDBS） and vector encoding, this paper gives a common unifying framework for the numeric-based generalized dynamic label, which can be implemented into a variety of dynamic labels according to the different user-defined value comparison methods. This paper also proposes a novel dynamic labeling scheme called radical sign label. Extensive experiments show that the radical sign label performs well for the initialization, insertion and query operations, and especially for skewed insertion where the storage cost of the radical sign label is better than that of former methods.展开更多
文摘分布形态学(Distributed Morphology,DM)与主流最简方案(Minimalist Program,MP)对语言机能的内容、词项设计、语法架构设计有不同看法。本文从生物语言学三大核心课题——后成、界面和原子——的角度讨论MP的问题和DM的相对优势。DM更侧重计算向界面的移交问题,有完整的外化方案,是真正的实现主义理论,其核心设计——抽象语素——导致词库论词项(vocabulary item,VI)三分与词项延插,使形态成为串联各模块,分配和调度各类任务、信息的架构性模块。而MP坚持的词库论词项因其生物性与社会性的矛盾,不可能是递归合并的项或狭义语言机能(Faculty of Language in the narrow sense,FLN)内容,并令句法计算沦为“按预设程序展开词项信息”的过程。DM的两类抽象语素词根和特征均是纯形式的句法原子,它们的合并既是无限的,也受界面读解的制约;抽象与具体语素的联系是计算与界面及行为系统的后成性联系。相反,MP固守句法中心论,不仅导致计算与界面的分裂和句法的外化成为无趣的陈述性关系,也拒绝了基因天赋与后成天赋统一的可能。总之,DM关于词项和架构的设计更能代表生物语言学的方向。
基金the National Major Projects on Science and Technology(No.2010ZX01042-002-003-004)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No.2010CB328106)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61170085)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in China(No.NCET-10-0388)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B412)
文摘Most efficient indeces and query techniques over XML （extensible markup language） data are based on a certain labeling scheme, which can quickly determine ancestor-descendant and parent-child relationship between two nodes. The current basic labeling schemes such as containment scheme and prefix scheme cannot avoid re- labeling when XML documents are updated. After analyzing the essence of existing dynamic XML labels such as compact dynamic binary string （CDBS） and vector encoding, this paper gives a common unifying framework for the numeric-based generalized dynamic label, which can be implemented into a variety of dynamic labels according to the different user-defined value comparison methods. This paper also proposes a novel dynamic labeling scheme called radical sign label. Extensive experiments show that the radical sign label performs well for the initialization, insertion and query operations, and especially for skewed insertion where the storage cost of the radical sign label is better than that of former methods.
