概称句如鸟会飞(对象句)有逻辑乖讹,并由鸟会飞,但企鹅不会飞(参照句)明示,引发反例难题。传统解题坚持容错说,但本文认为容错受单一层级语法观念(SCH)调控,是以组合视角割绝句法分析的外部机制。本文转而采取认知语法(CG)的多重结构层...概称句如鸟会飞(对象句)有逻辑乖讹,并由鸟会飞,但企鹅不会飞(参照句)明示,引发反例难题。传统解题坚持容错说,但本文认为容错受单一层级语法观念(SCH)调控,是以组合视角割绝句法分析的外部机制。本文转而采取认知语法(CG)的多重结构层级(MSH)观念,以整合视角分析概称句:着眼对象句的关联,考察成分结构的概念重叠;观照参照句的范畴化关系,以“基线/阐释”组织(Baseline/Elaboration organization)聚焦其主次时窗的阐释关系。研究发现:对象句中鸟无需深入实例而仅侧显虚拟类别即可与飞实现概念整合,容错不及启动;参照句中鸟和企鹅构成的类例转喻为基线/阐释链提供动力以实现概念整合,容错不能启动;两类句式均不支持容错,还同时反证了容错的黑箱本质。本文进一步指出概称句是实施共性比较以实现整体编码的语言平台,在“大同小异”(MSMD)的折中算法允准下,共性比较才能无视差异,将区别的个体一并抽象为连贯的整体,并最终促动概称句的生成。Generic sentences such as 鸟会飞 (the research target sentence) contains logical contradiction, which is made explicit by 鸟会飞,但企鹅不会飞 (the reference sentence), resulting in the so-called Counterexample Problem. The traditional problem-solving ideas put forward a series of fault-tolerance mechanisms. This paper holds that these mechanisms, which reveal a componential perspective and are essentially regulated by a single-constituency-hierarchy (SCH) grammar, are external mechanisms that cut off syntactic analysis. This paper turns to an integration perspective, and adopts the multifaceted-structure-hierarchy (MSH) of Cognitive Grammar (CG) and carry out analysis of those two types of sentences: for the research target sentence, the focus is on the correspondence of component structures that is responsible for their conceptual overlap;for the reference sentence, its categorization and elaboration process is spotted, and lights are shed on the correspondence between attention windows within a “baseline/elaboration” (B/E) organization. The study finds that: in the research target sentence, the conceptual integration of 鸟 and 飞 can be realized only by accessing a virtual type without activating actual instances, in which case fault-tolerance is redundant;in the reference sentence, the Type-Instance Metonymy contributed by 鸟 and 企鹅 provides motivation for the elaboration and realizes conceptual integration, in which case fault-tolerance is prohibited;the analysis indicates that fault-tolerance is also a black-box interpretation. This paper further points out that generic sentences are the language platforms to implement sameness comparisons and wholistic encodings;with the permission of the compromising algorithm of Maximizing Similarities and Minimizing Differences (MSMD), sameness comparisons bypass differences and abstract discrepant individuals into coherent wholes, and ultimately prompt generic sentences.展开更多
本研究首先选取10家《财富》上榜企业2020年年度报告和社会责任报告,分别截取CEO信函部分建立两个小型语料库。其次,我们结合Mayer et al.(1995)的企业信任框架和Langacker(1987/1991/2008/2017)的情境植入理论,根据文本语境和时体特征...本研究首先选取10家《财富》上榜企业2020年年度报告和社会责任报告,分别截取CEO信函部分建立两个小型语料库。其次,我们结合Mayer et al.(1995)的企业信任框架和Langacker(1987/1991/2008/2017)的情境植入理论,根据文本语境和时体特征标注两个语料库中在接近性现实空间、非接近性现实空间、接近性非现实空间、非接近性非现实空间、言据现实空间等情境下企业的能力、仁爱和正直要素的建构策略,并进行统计与对比。总体而言,企业以年度报告和社会责任报告作为与利益相关者交流的载体,根据受众特征,通过建构与能力、仁爱、正直相关的具有不同现实性特征的空间调整信任建构策略,获得受众对企业的信任,从而获得其资金投入或社会支持以保障经营成功。本研究对中国企业撰写英文信函具有一定指导意义。展开更多
认知语义学是认知语言学的一个组成部分。通常认为,认知语言学在我国的兴起与发展只有四五十年的历史,是中国语言学各种理论中比较年轻的一种,也可以看作是中国语言学的一个分支学科。语言学学者现在经常提到的构式研究、认知语法、认...认知语义学是认知语言学的一个组成部分。通常认为,认知语言学在我国的兴起与发展只有四五十年的历史,是中国语言学各种理论中比较年轻的一种,也可以看作是中国语言学的一个分支学科。语言学学者现在经常提到的构式研究、认知语法、认知语义,都属于认知语言学的不同组成部分。认知语义学打破了语言知识和真实世界之间的隔阂,从人类的认知过程出发研究意义,开辟了语义研究的新视角。由北京大学出版社出版的汉译本《认知语义学:概念构建的类型和过程》(英文原著名为Toward a Cognitive Semantics)。展开更多
文摘概称句如鸟会飞(对象句)有逻辑乖讹,并由鸟会飞,但企鹅不会飞(参照句)明示,引发反例难题。传统解题坚持容错说,但本文认为容错受单一层级语法观念(SCH)调控,是以组合视角割绝句法分析的外部机制。本文转而采取认知语法(CG)的多重结构层级(MSH)观念,以整合视角分析概称句:着眼对象句的关联,考察成分结构的概念重叠;观照参照句的范畴化关系,以“基线/阐释”组织(Baseline/Elaboration organization)聚焦其主次时窗的阐释关系。研究发现:对象句中鸟无需深入实例而仅侧显虚拟类别即可与飞实现概念整合,容错不及启动;参照句中鸟和企鹅构成的类例转喻为基线/阐释链提供动力以实现概念整合,容错不能启动;两类句式均不支持容错,还同时反证了容错的黑箱本质。本文进一步指出概称句是实施共性比较以实现整体编码的语言平台,在“大同小异”(MSMD)的折中算法允准下,共性比较才能无视差异,将区别的个体一并抽象为连贯的整体,并最终促动概称句的生成。Generic sentences such as 鸟会飞 (the research target sentence) contains logical contradiction, which is made explicit by 鸟会飞,但企鹅不会飞 (the reference sentence), resulting in the so-called Counterexample Problem. The traditional problem-solving ideas put forward a series of fault-tolerance mechanisms. This paper holds that these mechanisms, which reveal a componential perspective and are essentially regulated by a single-constituency-hierarchy (SCH) grammar, are external mechanisms that cut off syntactic analysis. This paper turns to an integration perspective, and adopts the multifaceted-structure-hierarchy (MSH) of Cognitive Grammar (CG) and carry out analysis of those two types of sentences: for the research target sentence, the focus is on the correspondence of component structures that is responsible for their conceptual overlap;for the reference sentence, its categorization and elaboration process is spotted, and lights are shed on the correspondence between attention windows within a “baseline/elaboration” (B/E) organization. The study finds that: in the research target sentence, the conceptual integration of 鸟 and 飞 can be realized only by accessing a virtual type without activating actual instances, in which case fault-tolerance is redundant;in the reference sentence, the Type-Instance Metonymy contributed by 鸟 and 企鹅 provides motivation for the elaboration and realizes conceptual integration, in which case fault-tolerance is prohibited;the analysis indicates that fault-tolerance is also a black-box interpretation. This paper further points out that generic sentences are the language platforms to implement sameness comparisons and wholistic encodings;with the permission of the compromising algorithm of Maximizing Similarities and Minimizing Differences (MSMD), sameness comparisons bypass differences and abstract discrepant individuals into coherent wholes, and ultimately prompt generic sentences.
文摘本研究首先选取10家《财富》上榜企业2020年年度报告和社会责任报告,分别截取CEO信函部分建立两个小型语料库。其次,我们结合Mayer et al.(1995)的企业信任框架和Langacker(1987/1991/2008/2017)的情境植入理论,根据文本语境和时体特征标注两个语料库中在接近性现实空间、非接近性现实空间、接近性非现实空间、非接近性非现实空间、言据现实空间等情境下企业的能力、仁爱和正直要素的建构策略,并进行统计与对比。总体而言,企业以年度报告和社会责任报告作为与利益相关者交流的载体,根据受众特征,通过建构与能力、仁爱、正直相关的具有不同现实性特征的空间调整信任建构策略,获得受众对企业的信任,从而获得其资金投入或社会支持以保障经营成功。本研究对中国企业撰写英文信函具有一定指导意义。
文摘认知语义学是认知语言学的一个组成部分。通常认为,认知语言学在我国的兴起与发展只有四五十年的历史,是中国语言学各种理论中比较年轻的一种,也可以看作是中国语言学的一个分支学科。语言学学者现在经常提到的构式研究、认知语法、认知语义,都属于认知语言学的不同组成部分。认知语义学打破了语言知识和真实世界之间的隔阂,从人类的认知过程出发研究意义,开辟了语义研究的新视角。由北京大学出版社出版的汉译本《认知语义学:概念构建的类型和过程》(英文原著名为Toward a Cognitive Semantics)。
