本文介绍了在生物学英文文本纷繁芜杂的当今,面对中英文本的文化差异,生物医学自然语言处理(Natural Language processing for Biology,BioNLP)的基本概念和方法。归纳总结了BioNLP在挖掘生物医学文献信息中的重要方面。通过研究实例分...本文介绍了在生物学英文文本纷繁芜杂的当今,面对中英文本的文化差异,生物医学自然语言处理(Natural Language processing for Biology,BioNLP)的基本概念和方法。归纳总结了BioNLP在挖掘生物医学文献信息中的重要方面。通过研究实例分析了常见的以"词"、"句"、"篇"为语言单位的分析方法并指出这些方法的局限性,最后展望了生物医学计算语言学研究趋势。展开更多
Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chi...Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chinese reader and applied it to the study of different genres, but up to now, very little has been done to test this newly developed theory in translation studies. This paper attempts to use the Appraisal Theory as a tool to investigate speaker＇s positioning in ST （source text） and TT （target text）. The translations of part of the Q＆A （Question＆Answer） section of the Vice President Cheney＇s speech at Fudan University and their STs will be investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are first described in the appraisal theoretical framework and then compared to find out the differences in terms of the speaker＇s positioning in ST and TT. Finally, a discussion is carried out to explore possible reasons that caused the speaker＇s changed positioning from ST and TT. Our findings indicate that translator＇s role, linguistic characteristics, and translation purpose might all contribute to speaker＇s changed positioning.展开更多
The paper offers a three-dimensional linguosemiotic study of similes, which implies integral analysis of their semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects. Such an approach to the study of similes is quite new as they ...The paper offers a three-dimensional linguosemiotic study of similes, which implies integral analysis of their semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects. Such an approach to the study of similes is quite new as they have been hitherto considered either from a literary viewpoint as one of the stylistic expressive means of language or in the philosophy of language in correlation with metaphor. The three-dimensional linguosemiotic methodology of research has enabled us： （1） to reveal the cognitive, psychological, and metaphorical essence of similes and work out the invariant conceptual model which remains unchanged throughout their structural-semantic variation in the text; （2） to single out pragmatic features of similes, the set of which defines their linguistic status as a language-in-use construct, i.e., textual phenomenon; （3） to study the denotational-cognitive aspect of similes pointing out the parameters according to which similes have been differentiated into semantic types and subtypes and （4） to generalize the syntactical aspect of similes and define the set of their structural modifications in the text conditioned both by the intralinguistic regularities and by pragmatic factors. Therefore, we have worked out an interdisciplinary theory of similes implying the synergy of the data of linguistic, literary, cognitive, and psychological studies展开更多
Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis envir...Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.展开更多
Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices...Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices used in Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University from the perspective of linguistic description, textual analysis and situational factors, and then explores the general stylistic features of public speech, thus providing some enlightenment for public speakers in the future.展开更多
Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analy...Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analysis to the tourist text analysis, to discover the style essence of Tourist English Hypertext. The stylistic features include graphological analysis of Tourist English Hypertext, lexical features in hypertext, syntactical analysis of Tourist English Hypertext. It summarizes online Tourist English Hypertext information with some typical samples, with the methods of examples and analysis. It aims to offer an in-depth insight into the stylistic features of online tourism English texts, helping people to grasp the key points of the online information when they are browsing the information on the Internet. So this paper both enlarges the application of the stylistic analysis and presents summary for online tourist information.展开更多
The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seve...The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.展开更多
Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, childre...Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language展开更多
The present study constitutes a critical appraisal of the deconstructive reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions that Derrida undertakes in the second part of Of Grammatology. In this examination, the author will first lis...The present study constitutes a critical appraisal of the deconstructive reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions that Derrida undertakes in the second part of Of Grammatology. In this examination, the author will first list some of the significations into which Derrida disperses （forced, as he asserts himself, by an ＂inassimilable residue＂ in the text itself） the meaning that he has already construed as apparently simple during the first moment of deconstructive reading （i.e., ＂the doubling commentary＂）; the author will then go on to enquire into the operations which enable Derrida to arrive at these self-conflicting significations. The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate that it is not language alone that disables the philosophy of Rousseau and enables the philosophy of Derrida. When Derrida attempts to support his philosophy through an analysis of Rousseau＇s theory of language and the alleged contradictions in Rousseau＇s texts, he misinterprets basic tenets of these texts in order to make them conform to the presuppositions of the deconstructive approach. The ＂reversal＂ and ＂displacement＂ of metaphysical conceptuality in the text of the Confessions is made possible after the text has had meanings transposed into it from a plurality of other texts. Derrida attributes to the text significations he discovers by construing, explicating and over-reading passages that occur elsewhere in Rousseau＇s total oeuvre （especially in the Essay on the Origin of Languages）.展开更多
As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed sy...As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.展开更多
文摘本文介绍了在生物学英文文本纷繁芜杂的当今,面对中英文本的文化差异,生物医学自然语言处理(Natural Language processing for Biology,BioNLP)的基本概念和方法。归纳总结了BioNLP在挖掘生物医学文献信息中的重要方面。通过研究实例分析了常见的以"词"、"句"、"篇"为语言单位的分析方法并指出这些方法的局限性,最后展望了生物医学计算语言学研究趋势。
文摘Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chinese reader and applied it to the study of different genres, but up to now, very little has been done to test this newly developed theory in translation studies. This paper attempts to use the Appraisal Theory as a tool to investigate speaker＇s positioning in ST （source text） and TT （target text）. The translations of part of the Q＆A （Question＆Answer） section of the Vice President Cheney＇s speech at Fudan University and their STs will be investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are first described in the appraisal theoretical framework and then compared to find out the differences in terms of the speaker＇s positioning in ST and TT. Finally, a discussion is carried out to explore possible reasons that caused the speaker＇s changed positioning from ST and TT. Our findings indicate that translator＇s role, linguistic characteristics, and translation purpose might all contribute to speaker＇s changed positioning.
文摘The paper offers a three-dimensional linguosemiotic study of similes, which implies integral analysis of their semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects. Such an approach to the study of similes is quite new as they have been hitherto considered either from a literary viewpoint as one of the stylistic expressive means of language or in the philosophy of language in correlation with metaphor. The three-dimensional linguosemiotic methodology of research has enabled us： （1） to reveal the cognitive, psychological, and metaphorical essence of similes and work out the invariant conceptual model which remains unchanged throughout their structural-semantic variation in the text; （2） to single out pragmatic features of similes, the set of which defines their linguistic status as a language-in-use construct, i.e., textual phenomenon; （3） to study the denotational-cognitive aspect of similes pointing out the parameters according to which similes have been differentiated into semantic types and subtypes and （4） to generalize the syntactical aspect of similes and define the set of their structural modifications in the text conditioned both by the intralinguistic regularities and by pragmatic factors. Therefore, we have worked out an interdisciplinary theory of similes implying the synergy of the data of linguistic, literary, cognitive, and psychological studies
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81874429)Digital and Applied Research Platform for Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 49021003005)+1 种基金2018 Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research Innovation Project (No. CX2018B465)Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Education Department in 2018 (No. 18B241)
文摘Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.
文摘Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices used in Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University from the perspective of linguistic description, textual analysis and situational factors, and then explores the general stylistic features of public speech, thus providing some enlightenment for public speakers in the future.
文摘Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analysis to the tourist text analysis, to discover the style essence of Tourist English Hypertext. The stylistic features include graphological analysis of Tourist English Hypertext, lexical features in hypertext, syntactical analysis of Tourist English Hypertext. It summarizes online Tourist English Hypertext information with some typical samples, with the methods of examples and analysis. It aims to offer an in-depth insight into the stylistic features of online tourism English texts, helping people to grasp the key points of the online information when they are browsing the information on the Internet. So this paper both enlarges the application of the stylistic analysis and presents summary for online tourist information.
文摘The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.
文摘Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language
文摘The present study constitutes a critical appraisal of the deconstructive reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions that Derrida undertakes in the second part of Of Grammatology. In this examination, the author will first list some of the significations into which Derrida disperses （forced, as he asserts himself, by an ＂inassimilable residue＂ in the text itself） the meaning that he has already construed as apparently simple during the first moment of deconstructive reading （i.e., ＂the doubling commentary＂）; the author will then go on to enquire into the operations which enable Derrida to arrive at these self-conflicting significations. The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate that it is not language alone that disables the philosophy of Rousseau and enables the philosophy of Derrida. When Derrida attempts to support his philosophy through an analysis of Rousseau＇s theory of language and the alleged contradictions in Rousseau＇s texts, he misinterprets basic tenets of these texts in order to make them conform to the presuppositions of the deconstructive approach. The ＂reversal＂ and ＂displacement＂ of metaphysical conceptuality in the text of the Confessions is made possible after the text has had meanings transposed into it from a plurality of other texts. Derrida attributes to the text significations he discovers by construing, explicating and over-reading passages that occur elsewhere in Rousseau＇s total oeuvre （especially in the Essay on the Origin of Languages）.
文摘As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.
