Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was...Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was used as a tool to disclose client＇s personal meanings. During our sessions, clients were observed phenomenologically, and their speach was written down. Reflecting on the qualitative data of transformative learning in language arts, we developed techniques for facilitation and disclosure of personal meanings. Grounded theory was used for data generalization： Personal educational insights and its comparison with other researchers＇ theoretical insights were the basis to develop the methodical system for psychological guidance and counseling and to explain it. We revealed that focus on personally important meanings during discussion after literature reading has influence on the mental state of personality and deepens the interactions with the literature art, so we suggest a spiral model to explain the methodical system of our method. Transformative learning in language arts as a method of guidance and counseling can be understood as spiritual motion by spirale. It has three levels： （1） art level （interaction with the literature）; （2） psychology level （counseling）; and （3） art level （interaction with the same peace of literature as in the beginning of the session, poetic summary of the session）. Levels （1） and （3） mean interaction with literature art, but at the third level, this interaction has new quality, because personality has better perception of Self and more ability to connect personal meanings and literature wisdom. At the first level, we have direction from literature to Personality. At the third level, we have direction from the Self （Speaking from Within） to literature. Disclosure of personally important meanings is a key to self-understanding and poetical thinking; our developed methodical system reduces emotional tension and strengthens interconnectedness between inner and outer world and improves poetical understanding. In this paper, the methodical system of transformative learning and guidance is discussed.展开更多
To cultivate English majors＇ culture awareness and improve their English integrated competence, this paper clarifies the reasons and the choice of the content for the teaching of Language and Culture. The results of ...To cultivate English majors＇ culture awareness and improve their English integrated competence, this paper clarifies the reasons and the choice of the content for the teaching of Language and Culture. The results of the teaching and the investigation conducted by the author show that the choice of the teaching materials and the topics for the class must be included in the teaching plan. Besides, this paper also probed into the most difficult topic, the easiest topic, the topics that need to be explained more and the topics that need to be explained less in class; and the similarity and differences of the teaching contents for students in different grades are also analyzed. In the end, proper sources of the comparison of English and Chinese languages and cultures are revealed in order to enlarge students＇ knowledge and improve their competence in using English.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason fo...The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason for this is seen in the fact that texts since the advent of print culture have been disseminated and passed on in written form and that in the medium of writing the processual character of language is only insufficiently taken care of by a cultural convention of arranging and approaching the presented signs in an particular sequence. Whereas in an oral culture the dynamic processuality of a speech or recitation was directly experienced by the listeners, the spatial arrangement of signs in writing enables and even entices readers and critics to read this or that part of a written text in a sequence of their own making. What remains out of focus is that in doing so they miss the particular semantic profile and aesthetic character of the work as created by the author--a procedure particularly hurtful in the case of literary works of art. There is hope, however, that this will somewhat change by our moving towards a performance culture展开更多
文摘Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was used as a tool to disclose client＇s personal meanings. During our sessions, clients were observed phenomenologically, and their speach was written down. Reflecting on the qualitative data of transformative learning in language arts, we developed techniques for facilitation and disclosure of personal meanings. Grounded theory was used for data generalization： Personal educational insights and its comparison with other researchers＇ theoretical insights were the basis to develop the methodical system for psychological guidance and counseling and to explain it. We revealed that focus on personally important meanings during discussion after literature reading has influence on the mental state of personality and deepens the interactions with the literature art, so we suggest a spiral model to explain the methodical system of our method. Transformative learning in language arts as a method of guidance and counseling can be understood as spiritual motion by spirale. It has three levels： （1） art level （interaction with the literature）; （2） psychology level （counseling）; and （3） art level （interaction with the same peace of literature as in the beginning of the session, poetic summary of the session）. Levels （1） and （3） mean interaction with literature art, but at the third level, this interaction has new quality, because personality has better perception of Self and more ability to connect personal meanings and literature wisdom. At the first level, we have direction from literature to Personality. At the third level, we have direction from the Self （Speaking from Within） to literature. Disclosure of personally important meanings is a key to self-understanding and poetical thinking; our developed methodical system reduces emotional tension and strengthens interconnectedness between inner and outer world and improves poetical understanding. In this paper, the methodical system of transformative learning and guidance is discussed.
文摘To cultivate English majors＇ culture awareness and improve their English integrated competence, this paper clarifies the reasons and the choice of the content for the teaching of Language and Culture. The results of the teaching and the investigation conducted by the author show that the choice of the teaching materials and the topics for the class must be included in the teaching plan. Besides, this paper also probed into the most difficult topic, the easiest topic, the topics that need to be explained more and the topics that need to be explained less in class; and the similarity and differences of the teaching contents for students in different grades are also analyzed. In the end, proper sources of the comparison of English and Chinese languages and cultures are revealed in order to enlarge students＇ knowledge and improve their competence in using English.
文摘The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the processual aspect of literary works of art deserves much more attention than it normally receives by readers, critics, and theorists. The most important reason for this is seen in the fact that texts since the advent of print culture have been disseminated and passed on in written form and that in the medium of writing the processual character of language is only insufficiently taken care of by a cultural convention of arranging and approaching the presented signs in an particular sequence. Whereas in an oral culture the dynamic processuality of a speech or recitation was directly experienced by the listeners, the spatial arrangement of signs in writing enables and even entices readers and critics to read this or that part of a written text in a sequence of their own making. What remains out of focus is that in doing so they miss the particular semantic profile and aesthetic character of the work as created by the author--a procedure particularly hurtful in the case of literary works of art. There is hope, however, that this will somewhat change by our moving towards a performance culture
