语言存在论与语言辩证法——伽达默尔语言哲学研究

语言哲学是伽达默尔释义学的核心问题所在。语言同时关涉到释义学的存在论维度和实践哲学维度。“语言存在论”一方面体现为语言的“思辨结构”对世界经验的构成性 ,另一方面体现为语言的本性与事物本身之间的本质相属关系。而语言辩证法作为问答逻辑回应了语言的思辨结构 。

语言辩证法视阈下的会话合作原则——以柏拉图的《智者》为例

本文以《智者》为例,先是探讨格莱斯的会话合作原则及其准则与柏拉图对话的冲突,然后以伽达默尔的语言辩证法为视阈,指出合作原则及其准则在会话语境中,在意义理解方面存在问题。论文最后试图指出,在语言辩证法视阈下,会话意义的理解在于言语行为能否使意义呈现自身。柏拉图在自己的对话语篇中,以离题话、问答等结构构成基本的言语行为方式,目的是让事物的意义敞开,呈现自身,与说者和听者照面。而会话合作原则力图以量、质、关系、方式等准则,让说者把会话意图的开放性减小到最低程度,达到对意义的控制。这种意义是一种客体事物;在语言辩证法的视阈下,意义是与说者和听者照面的事物。本文认为,伽达默尔的语言辩证法可以在对话方式和意义理解两个方面对格莱斯的对话合作原则进行补充和修正。

The Oral Language as the Primary Medium Among Men

Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in particular that can help people to communicate better？ This paper finds the route for individuals to communicate better, understand each other, and promote values of both our society and culture demand. Three main issues are presented to reach this goal： Firstly, the platonic theory about names, if things are called by convention or by its nature. Secondly, three methods by which these names are used： the grammar, the rhetoric, and the dialectics. Lastly, how orality is a fundamental means for human communication. Each of these subjects will become arguments to support that dialogue is the most suitable and human way for men to communicate, because it gives the necessary tools to man to build himself according to his nature, that is to say, the search for the good and the rational perfection.

Informal Logic： Between Logic and Epistemology

Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？

论伽达默尔语言哲学的理论逻辑

伽达默尔语言哲学是由语言存在论、语言辩证法、内在话语和外在话语、语言游戏等构成的有机整体,其各个部分的内在关联在于:语言存在论是伽达默尔语言哲学的基础;语言的思辨结构是语言存在论和语言辩证法之间的桥梁;语言辩证法是伽达默尔语言哲学的灵魂;伽达默尔的内在话语与外在话语之间的关系是其语言辩证法的根源,研究语言辩证法必须最终追溯到其内在话语和外在话语理论;解释学通过内在话语实现了其普遍性,解释学的普遍性就是语言的普遍性,伽达默尔最终将对人类一切理解对象的理解都纳入到其语言游戏之中。伽达默尔的语言游戏与其艺术游戏具有内在一致性,具体体现在本体性、主体性、辩证性、开放性、实践性和参与性等方面。

张光斗先生来信

本文结合多年的编辑实践，从准确与模糊、简洁普适与严谨周密、一般与特殊三个方面论述了科技语言中的辩证统一现象。用辩证统一的思想阐明了每一方面的内容和二者之间的关系。揭示了科技语言高度准确表达的特点：一方面要求高度准确，一方面又不排斥必要的模糊。从规范修辞、适用文言词、短句与长句并用、自然语言与人工语言并用几方面论述了科技语言简洁普适与严谨周密的辩证统一关系。