谈谈概念与语词的三个问题

在概念与语词的演变关系中，概念的变化是起决定性作用的，概念的变化决定了语词的变化；概念限制与语词修饰有区别，二者存在内容与形式的关系，以往很多人认为语词修饰不一定有概念限制的作用，作者却认为语词修饰都是概念限制，不过是在自然语言中发生，并且存在深浅差别而已；在自然语言中概念与语词具有复杂的关系，其本质在于语言的自然和语境的特定性。

Enabling weakened hedges in linguistic multi-criteria decision making

A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as ＂more or less＂ and ＂roughly＂ in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based on the semantics of terms on the domain. Then, the hedges can be represented after the upper and loose upper approximations of a linguistic term are derived. Accordingly, some compact formulae can be derived for the semantics of linguistic expressions with hedges. Parameters in these formulae are objectively determined according to the semantics of original terms. The proposed model presents a more natural way to express the decision information under uncertainties and its semantics is clear. The proposed model is clarified by solving the problem of evaluation and selection of sustainable innovative energy technologies. Computational results demonstrate that the model can deal with various uncertainties of the problem. Finally, the model is compared with existing techniques and extended to the case when the semantics of terms are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.

An Empirical Study on the Effects of Comprehensible Input on Incidental English Vocabulary Recognition

本次实证研究旨在探索可理解输入对英语附带词汇辨识的影响。220名非英语专业的大一学生在接受不同类型的输入后,立即完成一套词汇识别测试题。研究结果显示修饰型输入、互动型输入和修饰型输出对受试者附带词汇辨识均有一定的促进作用,其中强化式输入和修饰型输出对受试者短时记忆的积极影响尤为显著,进而促进受试者识别更多的英语单词。