Cointegration analysis with structural changes between consumption and economic growth in China

In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.

一种提高基于方程的电路优化设计精度的方法

文章意在建立一种提高基于方程的电路优化设计精度的方法,可大幅减少仿真器的调用次数,降低计算成本,同时又具备与基于仿真方法几乎相同的精度。文中将方程的优化结果作为出发点,通过构造电路性能准确值与解析近似之间的差值增量模型,对一个误差不断减小的近似优化问题迭代求解,逐步获得问题的准确解,每一次迭代在上一次优化解附近构造新的差值增量模型。