无人机发展迅速,已经在地球科学领域得到了广泛应用.前人以中误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为精度评价指标对影响无人机摄影测量精度的各类因素进行了大量研究.但是,基于无人机摄影测量的地形建模误差往往空间上变化分布,中误差无...无人机发展迅速,已经在地球科学领域得到了广泛应用.前人以中误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为精度评价指标对影响无人机摄影测量精度的各类因素进行了大量研究.但是,基于无人机摄影测量的地形建模误差往往空间上变化分布,中误差无法反映误差的空间分布特征.因此,本文从误差空间分布的视角出发,通过计算误差空间分布图、误差的莫兰指数、样区整体的平均误差和标准误差,分析了相机倾角、航高和控制点数量对地形建模高程误差的大小及空间分布的影响.在黄土高原两个小流域的实验结果表明:(1)在无控制测量的情况下,误差受相机倾角的影响较大,采用较大角度的倾斜摄影不仅可以降低整体误差,还能改善误差的空间分布,减少误差的空间自相关性.(2)航高方面,尽管航高(60~160 m)变高会增大误差,但是航高对误差的空间分布影响不大.(3)在有控制测量的情况下,控制点的使用不仅降低了整体误差也优化了误差空间分布.在整体误差方面,使用少量的控制点即能达到一个稳定的精度水平.但此时,误差的空间分布还可以继续优化,要使样区的误差空间分布达到稳定的水平,需要相对较多的控制点.本研究为使用消费级无人机进行地形建模提供了有益的参考,在实际应用中可根据本文的结论优化航线设计方案和控制点布设.展开更多
In this article we consider a sequence of hierarchical space model of inverse problems.The underlying function is estimated from indirect observations over a variety of error distributions including those that are hea...In this article we consider a sequence of hierarchical space model of inverse problems.The underlying function is estimated from indirect observations over a variety of error distributions including those that are heavy-tailed and may not even possess variances or means.The main contribution of this paper is that we establish some oracle inequalities for the inverse problems by using quantile coupling technique that gives a tight bound for the quantile coupling between an arbitrary sample p-quantile and a normal variable,and an automatic selection principle for the nonrandom filters.This leads to the data-driven choice of weights.We also give an algorithm for its implementation.The quantile coupling inequality developed in this paper is of independent interest,because it includes the median coupling inequality in literature as a special case.展开更多
The average bit error rate(ABER) performance of a decode-and-forward(DF) based relay-assisted free-space optical(FSO) communication system over gamma-gamma distribution channels considering the pointing errors is stud...The average bit error rate(ABER) performance of a decode-and-forward(DF) based relay-assisted free-space optical(FSO) communication system over gamma-gamma distribution channels considering the pointing errors is studied. With the help of Meijer's G-function, the probability density function(PDF) and cumulative distribution function(CDF) of the aggregated channel model are derived on the basis of the best path selection scheme. The analytical ABER expression is achieved and the system performance is then investigated with the influence of pointing errors, turbulence strengths and structure parameters. Monte Carlo(MC) simulation is also provided to confirm the analytical ABER expression.展开更多
文摘无人机发展迅速,已经在地球科学领域得到了广泛应用.前人以中误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为精度评价指标对影响无人机摄影测量精度的各类因素进行了大量研究.但是,基于无人机摄影测量的地形建模误差往往空间上变化分布,中误差无法反映误差的空间分布特征.因此,本文从误差空间分布的视角出发,通过计算误差空间分布图、误差的莫兰指数、样区整体的平均误差和标准误差,分析了相机倾角、航高和控制点数量对地形建模高程误差的大小及空间分布的影响.在黄土高原两个小流域的实验结果表明:(1)在无控制测量的情况下,误差受相机倾角的影响较大,采用较大角度的倾斜摄影不仅可以降低整体误差,还能改善误差的空间分布,减少误差的空间自相关性.(2)航高方面,尽管航高(60~160 m)变高会增大误差,但是航高对误差的空间分布影响不大.(3)在有控制测量的情况下,控制点的使用不仅降低了整体误差也优化了误差空间分布.在整体误差方面,使用少量的控制点即能达到一个稳定的精度水平.但此时,误差的空间分布还可以继续优化,要使样区的误差空间分布达到稳定的水平,需要相对较多的控制点.本研究为使用消费级无人机进行地形建模提供了有益的参考,在实际应用中可根据本文的结论优化航线设计方案和控制点布设.
基金supported by the Major Project of Humanities Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education(Grant No. 08JJD910247)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 108120)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10871201)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 1102021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No. 10XNL018)the China Statistical Research Project (Grant No. 2011LZ031)
文摘In this article we consider a sequence of hierarchical space model of inverse problems.The underlying function is estimated from indirect observations over a variety of error distributions including those that are heavy-tailed and may not even possess variances or means.The main contribution of this paper is that we establish some oracle inequalities for the inverse problems by using quantile coupling technique that gives a tight bound for the quantile coupling between an arbitrary sample p-quantile and a normal variable,and an automatic selection principle for the nonrandom filters.This leads to the data-driven choice of weights.We also give an algorithm for its implementation.The quantile coupling inequality developed in this paper is of independent interest,because it includes the median coupling inequality in literature as a special case.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61474090)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JB160105)the 111 Project of China(No.B08038)
文摘The average bit error rate(ABER) performance of a decode-and-forward(DF) based relay-assisted free-space optical(FSO) communication system over gamma-gamma distribution channels considering the pointing errors is studied. With the help of Meijer's G-function, the probability density function(PDF) and cumulative distribution function(CDF) of the aggregated channel model are derived on the basis of the best path selection scheme. The analytical ABER expression is achieved and the system performance is then investigated with the influence of pointing errors, turbulence strengths and structure parameters. Monte Carlo(MC) simulation is also provided to confirm the analytical ABER expression.
