经济学数理化批评中的几个问题

经济学数理化作为一种国际通用的分析常规,在我国学界却引起了很大的争议。现存的批评存在着诸多错误,归纳起来主要有三:一是没有了解批评对象;二是没有针对批评对象;三是没有运用正确批评方法。通过对这些无效率批评的解析,有利于正确认识经济学数理化的合理性,正确运用经济分析方法。

论“脂批”者的妄添与抄本中的“脂批”误入、误出——谈林黛玉进贾府“十三了”和巧姐大姐问题

己卯本、梦稿本《红楼梦》第四回林黛玉进贾府,面对王熙凤询问年龄,林黛玉有“十三了”的说法,而其他早期抄本皆无此语,程乙本则云黛玉“都一一答应了”。本文在樊志斌对《红楼梦》中时间、年龄进行系统梳理基础上,结合林黛玉进贾府时王熙凤的年龄,考察曹雪芹书写王熙凤出场言行的立意与人物塑造;同时,考察抄本上的大姐、巧姐现象,结合抄手抄录过程中出现的“脂批”误入正文、正文误出为批语等现象,指出《红楼梦》早期抄本上存在抄手妄改、误看,脂批抄录误入、误出、误读现象,《红楼梦》早期抄本的异文与脂批使用应该坚持全本信息系统的考察原则。

Consequence Identification for Maloperation in Batch Process

Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.