Several drugs are used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） but all have side effects and variable efficacy. Considering the role of the gut-brain axis, immune, neural, and endocrine pathways in the pa...Several drugs are used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） but all have side effects and variable efficacy. Considering the role of the gut-brain axis, immune, neural, and endocrine pathways in the patho- genesis of IBS and possible beneficial effects of benzodiazepines （BZD） in this axis, the present systematic review focuses on the efficacy of BZD receptor modulators in human IBS. For the years 1966 to February 2011, all literature was searched for any articles on the use of BZD receptor modulators and IBS. After thorough evaluation and omission of duplicate data, 10 out of 69 articles were included. BZD receptor modulators can be helpful, especially in the diarrhea-dominant form of IBS, by affecting the inflammatory, neural, and psychologic pathways, however, controversies still exist. Recently, a new BZD receptor modulator, dextofisoparn was synthesized and studied in human subjects, but the studies are limited to phase 11 b clinical trials. None of the existing trials considered the neuroimmunomodulatory effect of BZDs in IBS, but bearing in mind the concentration- dependent effect of BZDs on cytokines and cell proliferation, future studies using pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic approaches are highly recommended.展开更多
Although intrathecal administration of adenosine analogues or A_1 adenosine receptor agonists is known to result in antinociception, this has not been examined yet at the cellular level. In the present study, we exami...Although intrathecal administration of adenosine analogues or A_1 adenosine receptor agonists is known to result in antinociception, this has not been examined yet at the cellular level. In the present study, we examined pharmacologically the actions of adenosine on spontaneous sensory transmission in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of an adult rat spinal cord slice under the condition where a postsynaptic action of adenosine展开更多
Purpose: Raloxifene is known to reduce flow resistance in selected vasculature. This study examined the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on retrobulbar blood flow. Methods: Right ey...Purpose: Raloxifene is known to reduce flow resistance in selected vasculature. This study examined the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on retrobulbar blood flow. Methods: Right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene were compared with right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal age-matched women not receiving raloxifene. Using color Doppler imaging the peak systolic velocity (PSV),展开更多
文摘Several drugs are used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） but all have side effects and variable efficacy. Considering the role of the gut-brain axis, immune, neural, and endocrine pathways in the patho- genesis of IBS and possible beneficial effects of benzodiazepines （BZD） in this axis, the present systematic review focuses on the efficacy of BZD receptor modulators in human IBS. For the years 1966 to February 2011, all literature was searched for any articles on the use of BZD receptor modulators and IBS. After thorough evaluation and omission of duplicate data, 10 out of 69 articles were included. BZD receptor modulators can be helpful, especially in the diarrhea-dominant form of IBS, by affecting the inflammatory, neural, and psychologic pathways, however, controversies still exist. Recently, a new BZD receptor modulator, dextofisoparn was synthesized and studied in human subjects, but the studies are limited to phase 11 b clinical trials. None of the existing trials considered the neuroimmunomodulatory effect of BZDs in IBS, but bearing in mind the concentration- dependent effect of BZDs on cytokines and cell proliferation, future studies using pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic approaches are highly recommended.
文摘Although intrathecal administration of adenosine analogues or A_1 adenosine receptor agonists is known to result in antinociception, this has not been examined yet at the cellular level. In the present study, we examined pharmacologically the actions of adenosine on spontaneous sensory transmission in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of an adult rat spinal cord slice under the condition where a postsynaptic action of adenosine
文摘Purpose: Raloxifene is known to reduce flow resistance in selected vasculature. This study examined the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on retrobulbar blood flow. Methods: Right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene were compared with right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal age-matched women not receiving raloxifene. Using color Doppler imaging the peak systolic velocity (PSV),
