Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is one of the most important problems for the stable operation of a pump turbine. The fluctuation appears in any operating condition. Much research has bee...Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is one of the most important problems for the stable operation of a pump turbine. The fluctuation appears in any operating condition. Much research has been done on the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic machinery. However, the details of pressure fluctuation propagation of the pump turbine at the pump mode have not been revealed. The modem pump turbine with high water head requires the runner to be ＂flat＂, which would induce pressure fluctuation more easily than the low head pump turbine. In this article, a high head pump turbine model is used as the re- search object. As the pressure fluctuation at off-design point is more serious than at the design point, the low head condition is chosen as the research condition. Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is predicted by the computa- tional fluid dynamics method based on k-co shear stress transport model. The experiment conducted on the test rig of the Har- bin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery is used to verify the simulation method. It proves that the numerical method is a feasible way to research the fluctuation under this operating condition. The pressure fluctuation along the passage direction is analyzed at time and frequency domains. It is affected mainly by the interaction between the runner and vanes. In the circumferential direction, the influence of the special stay vane on the pressure fluctuation is got. The amplitude in the high-pressure side passage of that vane is lower than that in the other side. The study provides a basic understanding of the pressure fluctua- tion of a pump turbine and could be used as a reference to improve the operation stability of it.展开更多
Blue top-emitting organic light-emitting devices （TEOLEDs） are demonstrated by employing Alq3 as phase shift adjustment layer （PSAL） to increase the phase shift on reflection of the top electrode within a range, w...Blue top-emitting organic light-emitting devices （TEOLEDs） are demonstrated by employing Alq3 as phase shift adjustment layer （PSAL） to increase the phase shift on reflection of the top electrode within a range, which also improves the light out-coupling. By adjusting the thickness of P SAL, the CIEx,y of devices, which utilize 2, 7-Di-pyrenyl-9, 9-spiro-bifluorene （DPSF） as emitting layer, changes from （0.16, 0.50） to （0.18, 0.37）. The maximnum current efficiency of 7.1 cd/A is acquired under 4.5 V with an increasing luminance of 139 cd/m^2. Compared with adjusting the total thickness of organic layer, it is more beneficial for achieving blue TEOLEDs with high efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51176168)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2011BAF03B01)
文摘Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is one of the most important problems for the stable operation of a pump turbine. The fluctuation appears in any operating condition. Much research has been done on the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic machinery. However, the details of pressure fluctuation propagation of the pump turbine at the pump mode have not been revealed. The modem pump turbine with high water head requires the runner to be ＂flat＂, which would induce pressure fluctuation more easily than the low head pump turbine. In this article, a high head pump turbine model is used as the re- search object. As the pressure fluctuation at off-design point is more serious than at the design point, the low head condition is chosen as the research condition. Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is predicted by the computa- tional fluid dynamics method based on k-co shear stress transport model. The experiment conducted on the test rig of the Har- bin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery is used to verify the simulation method. It proves that the numerical method is a feasible way to research the fluctuation under this operating condition. The pressure fluctuation along the passage direction is analyzed at time and frequency domains. It is affected mainly by the interaction between the runner and vanes. In the circumferential direction, the influence of the special stay vane on the pressure fluctuation is got. The amplitude in the high-pressure side passage of that vane is lower than that in the other side. The study provides a basic understanding of the pressure fluctua- tion of a pump turbine and could be used as a reference to improve the operation stability of it.
文摘Blue top-emitting organic light-emitting devices （TEOLEDs） are demonstrated by employing Alq3 as phase shift adjustment layer （PSAL） to increase the phase shift on reflection of the top electrode within a range, which also improves the light out-coupling. By adjusting the thickness of P SAL, the CIEx,y of devices, which utilize 2, 7-Di-pyrenyl-9, 9-spiro-bifluorene （DPSF） as emitting layer, changes from （0.16, 0.50） to （0.18, 0.37）. The maximnum current efficiency of 7.1 cd/A is acquired under 4.5 V with an increasing luminance of 139 cd/m^2. Compared with adjusting the total thickness of organic layer, it is more beneficial for achieving blue TEOLEDs with high efficiency.
