调性体系的演变与发展

音乐体系的形成绝非偶然的,音乐体系的形成是音乐发展必然的结果,而“调性”这一概念便始终贯穿于音乐发展的过程中。“调性”是表现音乐作品的一种重要的形式。西方音乐发展的基础就是调性的发展。在20世纪后,人们开始回顾传统音乐的构造,从“调性”到“无调性”再到“调性扩张”,从音乐初期的形式中发现可利用的音乐元素,并结合现代音乐形式形成符合当代人们审美的新音乐语言。本文以整体性的方式来研究调性的发展,从调性体系的萌芽、发展、变迁、瓦解、重构入手,以历史发展角度与目光去探究调性在音乐作品中不可替代的地位。在本论文中首先论述了调性体系在萌芽初期的形态。其次,本文将结合音乐历史的发展探究调性体系的发展与传承。再次,将进入到本文中调性体系的解构部分,探究调性体系是如何在传统调性结构的影响下瓦解直至无调性的出现。接下来,本论文将探究音乐在20世纪中是如何打破传统和声的构成。最后,通过对以上内容的分析,系统的观察调性体系发展这一整体的历史与延续,在感性与理性思维结合下,对调性体系的发展加以重新的梳理与认识。

传统的道路 独特的思维——兴德米特调性理论本原探究之调性扩展的十二音体系

本文主要对兴德米特调性理论之中的十二音体系进行分析，通过对泛音列的本源的探索，对十二音体系形成过程的探讨，了解调性扩展的十二音体系的本质内涵。进而梳理出兴德米特调性理论的核心内容。

调性发展史概述

自有了调性的几百年来,调性一直处于发展演变的过程中。要正确认识它,最好的方法莫过于对有关的历史时期作一次简要的回顾。从开始建立调性、丰富调性、到朦胧调性、淡化调性,最后瓦解调性,对这段历史过程作一个概括的说明是很有必要的。

再论艺术的形而上——评布里安·K·艾特《从古典主义到现代主义》

在注重形而下学术研究的今天,对现代、后现代音乐进行形而上的思考不失为一种新的研究视角和方式。《从古典主义到现代主义》就是在形而上思想逐渐淡出人们视野时候的一种尝试。著作主要内容包括调性的古典理解、调性体系与时间秩序的形而上学、音乐与现代主义的性质、秩序和十二音技法中的神秘主义等。给我们的启示和借鉴有两点:一是对音乐现象的形而上思考和对学术问题辩证的思维方式;二是使我们在学术视野和研究视角做出改变。

A Review on Effects of Personalized Ventilation Systems on Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Aircraft Cabin Mini-Environments

This study conducts an evaluation of air quality,dispersion of airborne expiratory pollutants and thermal comfort in aircraft cabin mini-environments using a critical examination of significant studies conducted over the last20 years.The research methods employed in these studies are also explained in detail.Based on the current literature,standard procedures for airplane personal ventilation and air quality investigations are defined for each study approach.Present study gaps are examined,and prospective study subjects for various research approaches are suggested.

半音化的和声演变--变音的种类及来源探究

在西方音乐发展历史中,临时变音的运用为后来半音化的发展提供了准备,开启了半音化曲折而发展的历史进程。文章就它们的来源和种类做简要的归纳,概括地介绍“伪乐”变音系统、离调性变音体系、调式交替性变音体系的半音化特点,以半音化和声演变的现象窥探和声演变的进程及其为新时期音乐的创造所产生的作用。

Crystallization of calcium silicate at elevated temperatures in highly alkaline system of Na_2O–CaO–SiO_2–H_2O

In Na_2O–CaO–SiO_2–H_2O system,systematic investigations of phase and morphology of calcium silicate in hydrothermal conditions were concisely conducted for high-value utilization of silicon resource in high-alumina fly ash(HAFA).The results show that crystal composition and phase may be affected by relatively low concentration of NaOH,and sodium ions are rearranged into the structure to form NaCaHSiO_4 and Na_2Ca_3H_8Si_2O_(12) with different C/S ratio at high concentration of Na OH.In addition,phases in wollastonite group possess the morphology of nano fiber.Formation of nano fiber is attributed to the difference of surface energies between axial and radial direction,and higher temperatures lead to easier growth along radial direction.The preparation of C–S–H with different phases and morphologies can guide for the application of silicate solution with high alkalinity with different purposes.

Containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with time delay via an output regulation approach

This paper presents the containment analysis and design of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems(MAS)with time-delay under the output regulation.The leaders are treated as exosystems and an modified output regulation error is designed,which can deal with more than one leader in containment control,then the containment problem will be turned into an output regulation problem.A novel analysis framework of the output regulation is proposed to design a dynamic state feedback control law for containment error and distributed observer when the agents cannot receive external system signal,which guarantees the convergence of all follower agents to the dynamic convex hull spanned by the leaders.The system stability for time-delay containment is proved by the output regulation method instead of the Lyapunov method.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.

Effect of attack angle change on hydrodynamic character of supercavitating bodies

A series of experiments has been done in a moderate-velocity cavitation tunnel to investigate the effects of attack angle change on hydrodynamic characters of supercavitation. Hydrodynamic characters of the aft section at various attack angles were compared. The investigation shows that hydrodynamic forces of the aft section are dependent of supercavity shapes at different attack angles,and the magnitude of hydrodynamic forces of the aft section varies with the change of attack angle. When the aft section is in the fully wetted case,the drag coefficient changes little. Lift and moment coefficients both increase with the increased attack angle,and the increase magnitude is not large. When the aft body planing is on the cavity boundary,the drag coefficient of nonzero attack angle is larger than that of zero attack angle,and the maximal lift and moment coefficients both vary obviously with the increased attack angle. In the case that the body is fully enveloped by cavity,the drag coefficient,lift coefficient and moment coefficient are nearly constant with the change of attack angles.

In Vitro Propagation of Echeveria elegans, a Species of the Flora Endangered Mexican

The genus Echeveria has about 143 species that are unique to the Americas, 117 of which are presented in the Mexican Republic, mainly in the states of Hidalgo, Puebla and Oaxaca. Propagation can be done by cuttings, leaf cuttings or seeds, but these methods are insufficient to avoid the predation of many species. NOM-059-ECOL-2001 shows Echeveria elegans as species reported endangered. The objectives in this study were achieved in vitro propagation from axillary buds, as an alternative to multiplication and preservation species. We evaluated different concentrations and combinations of two growth regulators, 6-BAP （2.22, 4.44, 6.66 and 8.88 μM） and u-NAA （1.35 and 2.70 μM） on shoot formation from axillary buds and two culture media with different concentrations of MS salts, to achieve root plants grown in vitro. It was found by combining 6.66 μM of 6-BAP and 1.35μM of α-NAA favored the formation and development of new shoots. In the rooting stage, the best results are achieved with the treatment containing 50% of MS salts. Then the plants were transplanted into greenhouses and achieved a successful acclimatization. During this last phase of development, there were no phenotypic changes or presence of somaclonal variants.

Tunable gold nanostar synthesis with surfactant-free system

Gold nanoparticle is an important photothermal conversion material in photothermal imaging and photothermal therapy research.There are diverse gold nanoparticles,including gold nanospheres,gold nanorods,gold nanocages,gold nanoshells and gold nanostars.Among them,gold nanostar(AuNS)possesses more excellent prospective imaging contrast agent for cancer diagnosis than other shapes of gold nanoparticles because of its larger photon interception area and cross section as well as scattering characteristics.The properties of AuNS are susceptible to synthetic methods and conditions.In this study,we presented surfactant-free methods to synthesize AuNS,discussed the relationship of AuNS characterization with the synthetic conditions and tested its photothermal effect.The results indicated that length and number of branches in AuNSs were the main factor for absorption wavelength in photothermal conversion,and the Au NSs could be more precisely controlled by changing the synthesis conditions.

Dynamic metal patterns of wrinkles based on photosensitive layers

Regulating metal surfaces with micro-/nanoscale structures is of great significance for both material science and potential applications.However,the intrinsic properties of metals,such as fixed isotropic moduli and inflexible structures,in a sense present major limitations in developing next-generation smart patterned surfaces.In this work,a facile and general patterning strategy is proposed to endow insensitive metal surfaces with controllable spontaneous topologies and dynamic performance by exquisitely introducing an essential photosensitive interlayer.The arresting anthracene-containing photocrosslinking interlayer can selectively predetermine the anisotropic property of compliant bilayers without damaging metals’homogeneous properties,and realize a changeable stiff/soft layer.Furthermore,the mechanical transition mechanism of the self-adaptive wrinkling modes in metalbased trilayer systems is revealed to pave the pathway for regulating functional wrinkled metal surfaces.This photodriven metal patterning strategy can promote the development of brand-new methods for tuning the instability of multilayered materials,and be potentially applied in smart optical devices with dynamic reflectance,including light gratings and"magic"mirrors.