不同剂量连作障碍调控肥对土壤物理性质和制种玉米经济效益的影响

【目的】研究不同剂量连作障碍调控肥对土壤物理性质和玉米经济效益的影响。【方法】在连作13 a的制种玉米土壤上,采用田间试验方法,以制种玉米连作障碍调控肥施用量为梯度设计7个处理,分别为:CK,0.85、1.70、2.55、3.40、4.25和5.10 t/hm^2。以不施肥为对照,每个试验处理重复3次,随机区组排列。【结果】随着连作障碍调控肥施用量由0.85增加到5.10 t/hm^2时,与对照比较,土壤总孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量分别增加了6.42%、14.63%和17.91%,土壤容重降低了11.11%,差异极显著(P<0.01);制种玉米株高、茎粗、生长速度、地上部分鲜重和地上部分干重分别增加了26.06%、32.12%、26.05%、48.05%和48.06%,差异极显著(P<0.01);制种玉米穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重分别增加52.24%、46.06%和20.70%,差异极显著(P<0.01);制种玉米产量增加了46.04%,差异极显著(P<0.01);但1 kg连作障碍调控肥的增产量则随着连作障碍调控肥施用量的增加而递减为63.64%。【结论】连作障碍调控肥施用量大于3.40 t/hm^2时,施肥利润出现了负值,连作障碍调控肥适宜用量一般为3.40 t/hm^2,此施用量下,制种玉米的理论产量为6.91 t/hm^2,经济效益最好。

茶叶施用作物生长调控肥肥效试验

进行了调控肥(营养肥)在茶叶上施用的肥效试验。结果表明,茶叶喷施作物营养肥有显著的增产作用,是一种投资少、产出大的优质无公害叶面肥,值得在茶叶生产上推广应用。

调控肥(Scr)及其应用

调控肥(Scr)是由4种比例类别组成的氮磷及氮磷钾系列复肥。其中氮磷或氮磷钾养分配比就是特定土壤养分类型种植某种作物时的最佳施肥比例。此外,由于有配套施肥技术(调控施肥技术)。

密肥调控对中、弱筋小麦生育后期旗叶生理特性的影响

以弱筋小麦扬麦9号、中筋小麦扬麦11号为试材,研究了密肥(基本苗、氮肥)调控对中、弱筋小麦生育后期旗叶生理特性的影响。结果表明:在小麦后期生长过程中,旗叶SOD活性、POD活性、叶绿素含量总体呈现下降趋势,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)总体呈现上升趋势。本试验条件下,中筋小麦扬麦11号在120万/hm2基本苗的基础上,以240 kg/hm2施氮量、氮肥运筹5∶1∶4处理最能延缓植株的衰老,延长籽粒的灌浆时间,增强旗叶光合能力,提高籽粒蛋白质含量,从而取得优质高产;弱筋小麦扬麦9号在240万/hm2基本苗基础上,以180 kg/hm2施氮量、氮肥运筹5∶1∶4处理可以保证其品质达标的同时,增强植株后期旗叶中的SOD、POD活性,降低MDA含量,适当延缓植株的早衰,从而较好协调弱筋小麦高产与优质的矛盾。

温室二氧化碳气肥环境调控系统设计

为改善棚室蔬菜生产中二氧化碳匮乏问题,设计温室二氧化碳气肥环境调控系统。设计气肥发生器,利用碳酸氢铵加热产生二氧化碳的原理,制备二氧化碳气肥;采用负压反应腔和二级过滤净化系统提高系统的安全性;采用可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller,简称PLC)作为主控制器,实现气肥发生器工作循环的自动控制;PLC通过无线数传电台与传感器采集装置通信,在PLC中集成模糊控制算法,实现温室内二氧化碳的智能调控;采用监视与控制通用系统(monitor and control generated system,简称MCGS)触摸屏作为人机交互装置,MCGS触摸屏通过RS232总线与PLC通信交换数据,实现系统状态与测试数据的实时显示、存储及历史信息统计。结果表明,系统运行稳定可靠,操作界面简洁方便,更好地实现了对温室二氧化碳气体环境的实时监控。

Research Advances in Spatio-Temporal Coupling of Water and Fertilizer in Sugarcane

The coupling of water and fertilizer is the only way for high yield, efficiency, sugar on sugarcane. On sugarcane production, the spatial and temporal controlling technology of fertigation is an important direction of the sustainable and healthy development of ecological agriculture in cane area of China. This paper reviews main achievements and advances on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane from time and space at home or abroad in recent years, analyzes the application prospects of the temporal and spatial coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane and puts forward some problems which need further research in future.

长缨在手缚苍龙——记发展中的山西康田科技开发有限公司

2004年12月10日下午四点,映着深冬的落日余晖,随着90吨高浓度、高标准的调控肥唱着欢歌走下生产线,耗时一年,耗资4000万精心打造的山西康田SCR——调控肥生产线宣告开始正式投产运营。熟悉内情的人都知道,虽然该项目投产只用了一年时间,但这项国家专利技术的研制开发却是二十年磨一剑。经过反复理论探讨和实践检验,如今,宝剑铸成,拥有该项专利技术和生产线的山西康田科技开发有限公司如长缨在手,正积蓄力量,直捣黄龙。

The pH control optimization in the crop fertigation system using ANN

pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.

Study on regulation of potassium loss and its balance characteristics from typical paddy soils in Dongting Lake area

Potassium loss due to runoff and leaching, crop uptake, and K-fertilizer input, irrigation and wet deposition was studied, subsequently potassium balance characteristics was analyzed using lysimeter modeled two typical paddy soils from double rice field in Dongting Lake area. K losses due to runoff and leaching in Alluvial Sandy Loamy Paddy Soil （ASL） with lower cation exchange content （CEC） and clayey granule content were increased significantly compared with those in Reddish Yellow Loamy Paddy Soil （RYL） with higher CEC and clayey granule content. Compared with RYL, lower economic and biological yield due to lower capacity of nutrient and water keeping in ASL resulted in lower K uptake. So potassium deficit in double rice field of RYL was more serious than that of ASL because main K proportion was accounted by crop uptake. Available K in soil of surface layer （0-15 cm） was decreased significantly due to long term nutrient management of K deficit in double rice field. The straw return paddy field was suggested as an effective way to increase soil K and balance K deficit in double rice field because large amount of potassium was enriched in rice straw at harvest.

预防保护地土壤连作障碍的A＋B＋C施肥技术研究初报

通过对山西省保护地蔬菜连作情况调查，发现不同栽培方式，土壤连作障碍发生和危害具有一定差异；不同管理措施对土壤连作障碍的影响差异显著；不同肥料品种、不同施肥方法对土壤连作障碍影响较大。我们从测土配方施肥入手，按照等价格施肥，进行了调控肥（Adjust and control feitilizer，简称A）、生物有机肥（Biological organic fertilizer，简称B）和土壤调理剂（Conditioning soil agent，简称c）的配合使用试验。结果表明，黄瓜、番茄、辣椒、茄子、芸豆等蔬菜，施用不同型号、不同含量的调控肥、生物有机肥和土壤调理剂后，土壤连作障碍症状减轻，表现为盐分降低，土壤疏松，pH值升高，蔬菜生长势强，结果期延长，植株抗性增强，病虫害减轻，蔬菜产量提高、品质改善。