目的:探讨中西医结合治疗克罗米芬(Clomiphene citrate,CC)无反应的多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的临床疗效。方法:符合纳入标准的80例CC无反应的PCOS患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组在生命网络调控...目的:探讨中西医结合治疗克罗米芬(Clomiphene citrate,CC)无反应的多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的临床疗效。方法:符合纳入标准的80例CC无反应的PCOS患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组在生命网络调控观指导下,用中药坤泰1号方或坤泰2号方,根据激素水平有选择地加用雌激素、地塞米松或CC。对照组选用达英-35、CC并选择性配合二甲双胍。观察两组治疗前后血激素水平、HCG日、排卵率、妊娠率,以及临床症状。结果:治疗组和对照组妊娠率[70.0%(28/40) vs 40.0%(16/40)]、排卵率[87.5%(35/40) vs 65.5%(26/40)]均有显著差异( P <0.01,P <0.05);治疗组E 2 、SHBG治疗后显著升高( P <0.05),T、F、AD、DHEAS显著降低( P <0.05,P < 0.01))。对照组FSH、SHBG治疗后显著升高( P <0.05),E 2 、T显著降低( P <0.05)。结论:在生命网络调控观指导下,采用中西医结合模式治疗CC无反应的PCOS,可明显改善激素水平、提高妊娠率。展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes...Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes in DNA sequence seems to contribute greatly to liver injury. Chromatin modifications including alterations in histones and DNA, as well as post-transcriptional changes collectively referred to as epigenetic effects are altered by alcohol. Recent studies have pointed to a significant role for epigenetic mechanisms at the nucleosomal level influencing gene expression and disease outcome in ALD. Specifically, epigenetic alterations by alcohol include histone modifications such as changes in acetylation and phosphorylation, hypomethylation of DNA, and alterations in miRNAs. These modifications can be induced by alcoholnduced oxidative stress that results in altered recruitment of transcriptional machinery and abnormal gene expression. Delineating these mechanisms in initiation and progression of ALD is becoming a major area of interest. This review summarizes key epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated by alcohol in the liver. Alterations by alcohol in histone and DNA modifications, enzymes related to histone acetylation such as histone acetyltransferases, his-tone deacetylases and sirtuins, and methylation enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases are discussed. Chromatin modifications and miRNA alterations that result in immune cell dysfunction contributing to inflammatory cytokine production in ALD is reviewed. Finally, the role of alcohol-mediated oxidative stress in epigenetic regulation in ALD is described. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for designing novel epigenetic based therapies to ameliorate ALD.展开更多
Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systema...Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systematic research framework for analyzing the economic effects of structural fiscal instruments. Our study findsthat great differences exist in the macroeconomic effects of different fiscal instruments, suggesting that the government should prudently select these fiscal instruments in fiscal macro-control. The simulating results of fiscal shocks show that the effect of tax cut is superior to the effect of increased spending. In the context of slowing economic growth and less potent stimulation policy, the government should transform its previous regulatory approach of fiscal policy and shift from hefty spending stimulus policy to structural tax cuts. This paper believes that China should step up the implementation of public-private partnership, increase its spending on social security, healthcare, pension and public services and facilitate the transition toward a service-based government; and that tax policy should focus on structural tax cuts on consumption to promote the transition of demand structure toward consumption-driven.展开更多
The aim of this study is to investigate epigenetic mechanism of ABCG2 induced drug-resistance. It is not only expatiate for drug-resistance regulation mechanism in all-round, but also to provide scientific experimenta...The aim of this study is to investigate epigenetic mechanism of ABCG2 induced drug-resistance. It is not only expatiate for drug-resistance regulation mechanism in all-round, but also to provide scientific experimental basis for selecting target to reverse its drug-resistance. Apply methylation-specific PCR （MSP） to have tested methylation of ABCG2 promoter region -359 to -353 specific positions in breast cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissue of 22 cases and test their methylation positions with MSP products for sequencing; and adopt fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR to test expression level DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and ABCG2; to make analysis on relationship between them with statistical spearman correlation. Specific positions of ABCG2 gene promoter region of 18 cases among the 22 cases with breast cancer （18/22, 82%） existed high methylation （P〈0.05）, MSP products sequencing proved methylation of the specific position, and mRNA expression level was relative higher in remarkable positive correlation （P〈0.05） ABCG2, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B mRNA expression levels in breast cancer tissues were obviously higher than adjacent tissues （P〈0.01）, and DNMT3B expression level was obviously higher than DNMT1 and DNMT3A （P〈0.01） in negative correlation with ABCG2 gene expression （P=0.001）. -359 to -353 positions of promoter regions of ABCG2gene existed high methylation capable to push expression of this gene in beast cancer tissue. DNMT3B is involved in expression regulation in ABCG2 gene, and provides new scientific basis for drug-resistance target as reverse ABCG2 induction展开更多
In general China's economic develop- ment has basically been good until now. In 2007,China's economic growth rate stood at 11.9%,while in the first quarter of this year,this rate maintained 10.6% growth,as nat...In general China's economic develop- ment has basically been good until now. In 2007,China's economic growth rate stood at 11.9%,while in the first quarter of this year,this rate maintained 10.6% growth,as national fiscal revenue increased by 35.5% compared with the same展开更多
Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is us...Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is used to define HTCB in this paper. Chengde City, famous for its cultural tourism, is regard as one of the regions in Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing. And this geographical advantage, in the context of the boom of tourism in China, is featured by the changes of tourist product structure and development model. In this paper, the influence upon Chengde tourism spatial structure has been discussed from tourist market, location and transportation. Chengde tourism spatial structure has been rebuilt with particular references to the factors of tourism destination district, tourist area, nodes, routes, and origin markets. In this paper, Chengde will develop tourism industry with the central heritage area as the center and northern forest and pasture area and southern mountain and lake area as the two wings.展开更多
War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper wil...War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.展开更多
Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars att...Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars attended the International Monetary Fund's(IMF) second conference on "Rethinking Macro Policy".During the conference,the following basic assessments with respect to macroeconomic policy were reached:economists and policy-makers have entered a "brave new world" where they face more problems than effective solutions and the image of a new macroeconomic policy framework remains opaque.Based on discussions at the conference and the dissertations of important scholars over recent years,this paper provides a systematic review of the reflections of mainstream economic academia regarding the restructuring of a macroeconomic policy framework,with a view to providing an orientation to China s ongoing reform of macroeconomic regulation.展开更多
The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. W...The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.展开更多
this article through to the national food security problems, and puts forward China＇s grain macro-control mechanism is to follow the food economic law, with the national food security as the foundation, the food econ...this article through to the national food security problems, and puts forward China＇s grain macro-control mechanism is to follow the food economic law, with the national food security as the foundation, the food economy structure adjustment as power, based on production and supply balance, trade and consumption balance, price and social grain total cost balance, grain reserves and the retaining rate balance four as the key point, establish and perfect the food security is the core of the production, processing, trade, reserve, consumption for control system, perfect the government macroeconomic regulation and control of the market, protect the food producers and consumers＇ vital interests, early warning and solving the international and domestic food crisis and risk, maintain food markets continue to stability and promote national economic security of food.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨中西医结合治疗克罗米芬(Clomiphene citrate,CC)无反应的多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的临床疗效。方法:符合纳入标准的80例CC无反应的PCOS患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组在生命网络调控观指导下,用中药坤泰1号方或坤泰2号方,根据激素水平有选择地加用雌激素、地塞米松或CC。对照组选用达英-35、CC并选择性配合二甲双胍。观察两组治疗前后血激素水平、HCG日、排卵率、妊娠率,以及临床症状。结果:治疗组和对照组妊娠率[70.0%(28/40) vs 40.0%(16/40)]、排卵率[87.5%(35/40) vs 65.5%(26/40)]均有显著差异( P <0.01,P <0.05);治疗组E 2 、SHBG治疗后显著升高( P <0.05),T、F、AD、DHEAS显著降低( P <0.05,P < 0.01))。对照组FSH、SHBG治疗后显著升高( P <0.05),E 2 、T显著降低( P <0.05)。结论:在生命网络调控观指导下,采用中西医结合模式治疗CC无反应的PCOS,可明显改善激素水平、提高妊娠率。
基金Supported by PHS Grant # AA017545 (to Mandrekar P) and AA017986 (to Mandrekar P) from the National Institute of Al-cohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health
文摘Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is characterized by steatosis or fat deposition in the liver and inflammation, which leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Induction of target genes without involving changes in DNA sequence seems to contribute greatly to liver injury. Chromatin modifications including alterations in histones and DNA, as well as post-transcriptional changes collectively referred to as epigenetic effects are altered by alcohol. Recent studies have pointed to a significant role for epigenetic mechanisms at the nucleosomal level influencing gene expression and disease outcome in ALD. Specifically, epigenetic alterations by alcohol include histone modifications such as changes in acetylation and phosphorylation, hypomethylation of DNA, and alterations in miRNAs. These modifications can be induced by alcoholnduced oxidative stress that results in altered recruitment of transcriptional machinery and abnormal gene expression. Delineating these mechanisms in initiation and progression of ALD is becoming a major area of interest. This review summarizes key epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated by alcohol in the liver. Alterations by alcohol in histone and DNA modifications, enzymes related to histone acetylation such as histone acetyltransferases, his-tone deacetylases and sirtuins, and methylation enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases are discussed. Chromatin modifications and miRNA alterations that result in immune cell dysfunction contributing to inflammatory cytokine production in ALD is reviewed. Finally, the role of alcohol-mediated oxidative stress in epigenetic regulation in ALD is described. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for designing novel epigenetic based therapies to ameliorate ALD.
文摘Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systematic research framework for analyzing the economic effects of structural fiscal instruments. Our study findsthat great differences exist in the macroeconomic effects of different fiscal instruments, suggesting that the government should prudently select these fiscal instruments in fiscal macro-control. The simulating results of fiscal shocks show that the effect of tax cut is superior to the effect of increased spending. In the context of slowing economic growth and less potent stimulation policy, the government should transform its previous regulatory approach of fiscal policy and shift from hefty spending stimulus policy to structural tax cuts. This paper believes that China should step up the implementation of public-private partnership, increase its spending on social security, healthcare, pension and public services and facilitate the transition toward a service-based government; and that tax policy should focus on structural tax cuts on consumption to promote the transition of demand structure toward consumption-driven.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500599 and 30571592)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (9151503102000019)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong (A2009606)
文摘The aim of this study is to investigate epigenetic mechanism of ABCG2 induced drug-resistance. It is not only expatiate for drug-resistance regulation mechanism in all-round, but also to provide scientific experimental basis for selecting target to reverse its drug-resistance. Apply methylation-specific PCR （MSP） to have tested methylation of ABCG2 promoter region -359 to -353 specific positions in breast cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissue of 22 cases and test their methylation positions with MSP products for sequencing; and adopt fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR to test expression level DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and ABCG2; to make analysis on relationship between them with statistical spearman correlation. Specific positions of ABCG2 gene promoter region of 18 cases among the 22 cases with breast cancer （18/22, 82%） existed high methylation （P〈0.05）, MSP products sequencing proved methylation of the specific position, and mRNA expression level was relative higher in remarkable positive correlation （P〈0.05） ABCG2, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B mRNA expression levels in breast cancer tissues were obviously higher than adjacent tissues （P〈0.01）, and DNMT3B expression level was obviously higher than DNMT1 and DNMT3A （P〈0.01） in negative correlation with ABCG2 gene expression （P=0.001）. -359 to -353 positions of promoter regions of ABCG2gene existed high methylation capable to push expression of this gene in beast cancer tissue. DNMT3B is involved in expression regulation in ABCG2 gene, and provides new scientific basis for drug-resistance target as reverse ABCG2 induction
文摘In general China's economic develop- ment has basically been good until now. In 2007,China's economic growth rate stood at 11.9%,while in the first quarter of this year,this rate maintained 10.6% growth,as national fiscal revenue increased by 35.5% compared with the same
文摘Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is used to define HTCB in this paper. Chengde City, famous for its cultural tourism, is regard as one of the regions in Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing. And this geographical advantage, in the context of the boom of tourism in China, is featured by the changes of tourist product structure and development model. In this paper, the influence upon Chengde tourism spatial structure has been discussed from tourist market, location and transportation. Chengde tourism spatial structure has been rebuilt with particular references to the factors of tourism destination district, tourist area, nodes, routes, and origin markets. In this paper, Chengde will develop tourism industry with the central heritage area as the center and northern forest and pasture area and southern mountain and lake area as the two wings.
文摘War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.
文摘Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars attended the International Monetary Fund's(IMF) second conference on "Rethinking Macro Policy".During the conference,the following basic assessments with respect to macroeconomic policy were reached:economists and policy-makers have entered a "brave new world" where they face more problems than effective solutions and the image of a new macroeconomic policy framework remains opaque.Based on discussions at the conference and the dissertations of important scholars over recent years,this paper provides a systematic review of the reflections of mainstream economic academia regarding the restructuring of a macroeconomic policy framework,with a view to providing an orientation to China s ongoing reform of macroeconomic regulation.
文摘The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.
文摘this article through to the national food security problems, and puts forward China＇s grain macro-control mechanism is to follow the food economic law, with the national food security as the foundation, the food economy structure adjustment as power, based on production and supply balance, trade and consumption balance, price and social grain total cost balance, grain reserves and the retaining rate balance four as the key point, establish and perfect the food security is the core of the production, processing, trade, reserve, consumption for control system, perfect the government macroeconomic regulation and control of the market, protect the food producers and consumers＇ vital interests, early warning and solving the international and domestic food crisis and risk, maintain food markets continue to stability and promote national economic security of food.
