碳税边境调整措施是一个充满争议的话题。学术上的一个主要争议是碳税边境调整与共同但有区别的责任原则(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities,简称CBDR)的关系。有观点认为碳税边境调整措施与《京都议定书》所确定的共同但有...碳税边境调整措施是一个充满争议的话题。学术上的一个主要争议是碳税边境调整与共同但有区别的责任原则(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities,简称CBDR)的关系。有观点认为碳税边境调整措施与《京都议定书》所确定的共同但有区别责任原则的精神相悖,也有观点认为碳税边境调整是针对发展中国家的生态帝国主义。文章探讨碳税边境调整的本质、内涵、功能及其对出口产业的影响,得出结论:碳税边境调整与CBDR原则的精神一致。此外,共同但有区别责任原则精神必须站在《京都议定书》出台的大背景下理解,《京都议定书》的目的是为了实现《联合国气候变化框架公约》第2条阐明的终极目标,即将大气中的温室气体浓度控制在一定水平,能防止危害气候环境的人类活动的干扰,而碳税边境调整正是一项旨在控制温室气体排放的措施,其与《京都议定书》的终极目标一致。展开更多
The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the mea...The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the measures will have great impact on China's foreign trade. Using the input-output table in 2007, this paper had analyzed the influences on China's foreign trade as a whole and sub-sectors in three tax rates scenarios. The results showed that the tariff level of China's exports will increase by 3.6%-6.3% if the tax was levied on exports embodied emissions, and by 1.0%-1.7% if levied on export direct emissions. In 2007, the former total amount of carbon tax was about US$42.6-73.0 billion, 4 times that of the latter. Based on export embodied emissions, sectors largely influenced were non-traditional energy intensive ones, such as textile, et al. These sectors should be encour-aged to carry out industrial upgrading, raising the value-added of export goods, and reducing their embodied emissions by reduction of energy intensity. Taking into account of the complexity of data collection, the tax levied on products direct emission is more operational. The results showed that the five top sectors most affected were other chemical materials, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel, coking, smelting and rolling of ferrous metal and textile. Most of them were energy intensive sectors. Therefore, adjusting export products structure, and controlling too fast development of energy intensive industries are also important strategies in China.展开更多
文摘碳税边境调整措施是一个充满争议的话题。学术上的一个主要争议是碳税边境调整与共同但有区别的责任原则(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities,简称CBDR)的关系。有观点认为碳税边境调整措施与《京都议定书》所确定的共同但有区别责任原则的精神相悖,也有观点认为碳税边境调整是针对发展中国家的生态帝国主义。文章探讨碳税边境调整的本质、内涵、功能及其对出口产业的影响,得出结论:碳税边境调整与CBDR原则的精神一致。此外,共同但有区别责任原则精神必须站在《京都议定书》出台的大背景下理解,《京都议定书》的目的是为了实现《联合国气候变化框架公约》第2条阐明的终极目标,即将大气中的温室气体浓度控制在一定水平,能防止危害气候环境的人类活动的干扰,而碳税边境调整正是一项旨在控制温室气体排放的措施,其与《京都议定书》的终极目标一致。
文摘The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the measures will have great impact on China's foreign trade. Using the input-output table in 2007, this paper had analyzed the influences on China's foreign trade as a whole and sub-sectors in three tax rates scenarios. The results showed that the tariff level of China's exports will increase by 3.6%-6.3% if the tax was levied on exports embodied emissions, and by 1.0%-1.7% if levied on export direct emissions. In 2007, the former total amount of carbon tax was about US$42.6-73.0 billion, 4 times that of the latter. Based on export embodied emissions, sectors largely influenced were non-traditional energy intensive ones, such as textile, et al. These sectors should be encour-aged to carry out industrial upgrading, raising the value-added of export goods, and reducing their embodied emissions by reduction of energy intensity. Taking into account of the complexity of data collection, the tax levied on products direct emission is more operational. The results showed that the five top sectors most affected were other chemical materials, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel, coking, smelting and rolling of ferrous metal and textile. Most of them were energy intensive sectors. Therefore, adjusting export products structure, and controlling too fast development of energy intensive industries are also important strategies in China.
