AIM:To investigate perception of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)as a potential technique for appendectomy.METHODS:One hundred patients undergoing endoscopy and 100 physicians were given a questi...AIM:To investigate perception of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)as a potential technique for appendectomy.METHODS:One hundred patients undergoing endoscopy and 100 physicians were given a questionnaire describing in detail the techniques of NOTES and laparoscopic appendectomy.They were asked about the reasons for their preference,choice of orifice,and extent of complication risk they were willing to accept.RESULTS:Fifty patients(50%)and only 21 physicians(21%)preferred NOTES(P<0.001).Patients had previously heard of NOTES less frequently(7%vs73%,P<0.001)and had undergone endoscopy more frequently(88%vs 36%,P<0.001)than physicians.Absence of hernia was the most common reason for NOTES preference in physicians(80%vs 44%,P= 0.003),whereas reduced pain was the most common reason in patients(66%vs 52%).Physicians were more likely to refuse NOTES as a novel and unsure technique(P<0.001)and having an increased risk of infection(P<0.001).The preferred access site in both groups was colon followed by stomach,with vagina being rarely preferred.In multivariable modeling,those with high-school education[odds ratio(OR):2.68,95% confidence interval(CI):1.23-5.83]and prior colonoscopy(OR:2.10,95%CI:1.05-4.19)were more likely to prefer NOTES over laparoscopic appendectomy.There was a steep decline in NOTES preference with increased rate of procedural complications.Male patients were more likely to consent to their wives vaginal NOTES appendectomy than male physicians(P=0.02).CONCLUSION:The preference of NOTES for appendectomy was greater in patients than physicians and was related to reduced pain and absence of hernia rather than lack of scarring.展开更多
Just before the new round of UN climate change conference in Bonn, a survey report, named as the Climate Change in the Chinese Mind 2017, was released in Beijing. The investigation was conducted in the form of a compu...Just before the new round of UN climate change conference in Bonn, a survey report, named as the Climate Change in the Chinese Mind 2017, was released in Beijing. The investigation was conducted in the form of a computer-assisted telephone survey with a sample size of 4,025 samples, covering 332 prefecture-level administrative units and four municipalities in China.Urban-rural proportion and sex proportion were specially taken into account, so as to demonstrate the Chinese public awareness objectively. The investigation measures the public awareness from six aspects, which includes climate change beliefs, impacts, response, policies, actions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of climate communication. This article presents the key findings of the survey and provides further insights behind the data.展开更多
Intelligence is individual capacity to act appropriate with purpose, think rationally, and adjust with environmental conditions. A successful company is related with the intelligence and ability of its leader to creat...Intelligence is individual capacity to act appropriate with purpose, think rationally, and adjust with environmental conditions. A successful company is related with the intelligence and ability of its leader to create excellent strategies to be a winner in a competition. High competition occurs among cellular operators in Indonesia. The big-five companies in telecommunication industry are PT. Telkomsel Tbk., PT. XL Axiata Tbk., PT. Indosat Tbk., PT. Telkom Tbk., and PT. Bakrie Telecom Tbk.. Intelligence development is a main focus for an individual to be an effective leader in every situation. The purpose of this research is to find out more about leader intelligence in telecommunication industry. This research uses survey and descriptive method. Operational variables consist of intellectual intelligence （X0, emotional intelligence （X2）, spiritual intelligence （X3）, and adversity intelligence （X4）. We use the Likert type as a scale of quetionaire. We use convenience sampling as a sampling technique. Results from data processing show that intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and adversity intelligence of leader in telecommunication industry are included in high category with an average percentage of 77.95%. There is no dominant intelligence that is needed to be a successful leader. The main focus is how leaders can synergize all the intelligence that they have to solve a problem, and they must also realize that changes in the telecommunication industry are very fast, so they must familiarize themselves to uncertain situations.展开更多
Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitr...Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application rates; （2） decrease to half in the application of soil amendments, like calcium silicate; （3） decrease in compost application and increase in rice straw application; （4） increase in pipe drainage. In spite of these changes, negligible change of carbon content in the plow-layer of alluvial paddy soils had been observed for past 25 years. However, without rice straw application and paddy-upland rotations, the soil carbon content had been decreased. Carbon content of alluvial paddy soils classified into Gley Lowland soil （Fluvisol or Gleysol） at the depth of 0-30 cm was calculated about 49-103 g-kg＂1 and gross carbon sequestration was calculated 7.68 Mt in the paddy field soils in Niigata prefecture.展开更多
基金Supported by Grant NT 11234-3 of the Czech Ministry of Healththe Institutional Research Plan AV0Z10300504
文摘AIM:To investigate perception of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)as a potential technique for appendectomy.METHODS:One hundred patients undergoing endoscopy and 100 physicians were given a questionnaire describing in detail the techniques of NOTES and laparoscopic appendectomy.They were asked about the reasons for their preference,choice of orifice,and extent of complication risk they were willing to accept.RESULTS:Fifty patients(50%)and only 21 physicians(21%)preferred NOTES(P<0.001).Patients had previously heard of NOTES less frequently(7%vs73%,P<0.001)and had undergone endoscopy more frequently(88%vs 36%,P<0.001)than physicians.Absence of hernia was the most common reason for NOTES preference in physicians(80%vs 44%,P= 0.003),whereas reduced pain was the most common reason in patients(66%vs 52%).Physicians were more likely to refuse NOTES as a novel and unsure technique(P<0.001)and having an increased risk of infection(P<0.001).The preferred access site in both groups was colon followed by stomach,with vagina being rarely preferred.In multivariable modeling,those with high-school education[odds ratio(OR):2.68,95% confidence interval(CI):1.23-5.83]and prior colonoscopy(OR:2.10,95%CI:1.05-4.19)were more likely to prefer NOTES over laparoscopic appendectomy.There was a steep decline in NOTES preference with increased rate of procedural complications.Male patients were more likely to consent to their wives vaginal NOTES appendectomy than male physicians(P=0.02).CONCLUSION:The preference of NOTES for appendectomy was greater in patients than physicians and was related to reduced pain and absence of hernia rather than lack of scarring.
基金sponsored by China Postdoctoral Science Fund(grant number.2017M610674)the National Nature Science Fund(Assessing the Impact of US'Withdrawal from Paris Agreement on the Structure and Institutions of Global Climate Governance,grant number.71741011)
文摘Just before the new round of UN climate change conference in Bonn, a survey report, named as the Climate Change in the Chinese Mind 2017, was released in Beijing. The investigation was conducted in the form of a computer-assisted telephone survey with a sample size of 4,025 samples, covering 332 prefecture-level administrative units and four municipalities in China.Urban-rural proportion and sex proportion were specially taken into account, so as to demonstrate the Chinese public awareness objectively. The investigation measures the public awareness from six aspects, which includes climate change beliefs, impacts, response, policies, actions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of climate communication. This article presents the key findings of the survey and provides further insights behind the data.
文摘Intelligence is individual capacity to act appropriate with purpose, think rationally, and adjust with environmental conditions. A successful company is related with the intelligence and ability of its leader to create excellent strategies to be a winner in a competition. High competition occurs among cellular operators in Indonesia. The big-five companies in telecommunication industry are PT. Telkomsel Tbk., PT. XL Axiata Tbk., PT. Indosat Tbk., PT. Telkom Tbk., and PT. Bakrie Telecom Tbk.. Intelligence development is a main focus for an individual to be an effective leader in every situation. The purpose of this research is to find out more about leader intelligence in telecommunication industry. This research uses survey and descriptive method. Operational variables consist of intellectual intelligence （X0, emotional intelligence （X2）, spiritual intelligence （X3）, and adversity intelligence （X4）. We use the Likert type as a scale of quetionaire. We use convenience sampling as a sampling technique. Results from data processing show that intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and adversity intelligence of leader in telecommunication industry are included in high category with an average percentage of 77.95%. There is no dominant intelligence that is needed to be a successful leader. The main focus is how leaders can synergize all the intelligence that they have to solve a problem, and they must also realize that changes in the telecommunication industry are very fast, so they must familiarize themselves to uncertain situations.
文摘Effects of soil management on carbon content in alluvial paddy were investigated using past soil survey data of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The changes of soil management were as follows： （1） slight decrease in nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application rates; （2） decrease to half in the application of soil amendments, like calcium silicate; （3） decrease in compost application and increase in rice straw application; （4） increase in pipe drainage. In spite of these changes, negligible change of carbon content in the plow-layer of alluvial paddy soils had been observed for past 25 years. However, without rice straw application and paddy-upland rotations, the soil carbon content had been decreased. Carbon content of alluvial paddy soils classified into Gley Lowland soil （Fluvisol or Gleysol） at the depth of 0-30 cm was calculated about 49-103 g-kg＂1 and gross carbon sequestration was calculated 7.68 Mt in the paddy field soils in Niigata prefecture.
