基于动态规划法的调水工程闸泵切换优化调度方案

针对跨流域调水工程运行线路中经验型闸泵切换启闭形式的问题,选取位于山东省德州市中心城区潘庄引黄灌区马颊河左岸辛店闸至沟盘河水库整条线路为研究区域,基于动态规划的正向递推法,以调水线路经济最优、调水最快为目标函数分别建立2个调水过程模型;利用Python语言对2个调水过程模型进行计算,确定不同运行阶段的闸泵切换方式、开启时刻及开启时长,得到流量与水位相结合的经济优且调水快的闸泵切换优化调度方案。结果表明,沟盘河水库初始水位为影响总运行费用及总调水时间的主要因素,闸泵切换优化调度方案可使运行费用降低20%,总调水时间缩短8%,提升了调水线路的经济效益与运行效率。

肥城矿区水资源分析及其调水概念模型设计

本文从水资源保护利用的角度,提出了"负水"和"压郁水"的概念,通过对肥城矿区水资源量的评价和矿井涌水量的研究,认为,肥城矿区水资源潜力很大;通过对矿井水水质的评价,认为:肥城矿区"压郁水"水量大,直接排放将成为影响环境的"负水"。针对肥城矿区"压郁水"的现状,通过改造塌陷坑,利用生物净水技术,并结合地下水和地表水联合调度,合理配置水资源,本文设计了调水概念模型;最后,给出了矿区水资源合理利用的建议,以期为矿区水资源的合理高效利用提供参考。

基于旱情预报条件下的应急调水研究

对于水资源严重匮乏的地区,遇到旱情较严重的枯水季节,受地下水压采限制,区域性调水成为必然。针对枯水期水量少,可选择的水源限制,调水成本相对增加,为使有限的水资源发挥最大效益,必须准确把握调水时机。在农业灌溉期,通过农作物的生长特性、土壤墒情监测数据,预测农作物的缺水时限,结合输水河渠的特性建立应急调水数学模型,实现点对点精准灌溉,最大限度减少输水损失,保证调水灌溉效率最大化。

德州市中心城区智慧调水建设与应用

智慧调水是在信息化建设的基础上,利用大数据和调水模型建设分析决策的“智慧大脑”,实现调水全过程的智能化和自动化。文章总结了德州市中心城区调水工程智慧调水建设的内容及经验,并提出建议。

Saline Water Irrigation Scheduling Through a Crop-Water-Salinity Production Function and a Soil-Water-Salinity Dynamic Model

Using a crop-water-salinity production function and a soil-water-salinity dynamic model, optimal irrigation scheduling was developed to maximize net return per irrigated area. Plot and field experiments were used to obtain the crop water sensitivity index, the salinity sensitivity index, and other parameters. Using data collected during 35 years to calculate the 10-day mean precipitation and evaporation, the variation in soil salinity concentrations and in the yields of winter wheat and cotton were simulated for 49 irrigation scheduling that were combined from 7 irrigation schemes over 3 irrigation dates and 7 salinity concentrations of saline irrigation water (fresh water and 6 levels of saline water). Comparison of predicted results with irrigation data obtained from a large area of the field showed that the model was valid and reliable. Based on the analysis of the investment cost of the irrigation that employed deep tube wells or shallow tube wells, a saline water irrigation schedule and a corresponding strategy for groundwater development and utilization were proposed. For wheat or cotton, if the salinity concentration was higher than 7.0 g L-1 in groundwater, irrigation was needed with only fresh water; if about 5.0 g L-1, irrigation was required twice with fresh water and once with saline water; and if not higher than 3.0 g L-1, irrigation could be solely with saline water.

Dynamic formation control for autonomous underwater vehicles

Path planning and formation structure forming are two of the most important problems for autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs) to collaborate with each other.In this work,a dynamic formation model was proposed,in which several algorithms were developed for the complex underwater environment.Dimension changeable particle swarm algorithm was used to find an optimized path by dynamically adjusting the number and the distribution of the path nodes.Position relationship based obstacle avoidance algorithm was designed to detour along the edges of obstacles.Virtual potential point based formation-keeping algorithm was employed by incorporating dynamic strategies which were decided by the current states of the formation.The virtual potential point was used to keep the formation structure when the AUV or the formation was deviated.Simulation results show that an optimal path can be dynamically planned with fewer path nodes and smaller fitness,even with a concave obstacle.It has been also proven that different formation-keeping strategies can be adaptively selected and the formation can change its structure in a narrow area and restore back after passing the obstacle.

Resource Scheduling Algorithm and Ecnomic Model in ForCES Networks

Resource scheduling algorithm for ForCES(Forwarding and Control Element Separation) networks need to meet the flexibility,programmability and scalability of node resources.DBC(Deadline Budget Constrain) algorithm relies on users select cost or time priority,then scheduling to meet the requirements of users.However,this priority strategy of users is relatively simple,and cannot adapt to dynamic change of resources,it is inevitable to reduce the QoS.In order to improve QoS,we refer to the economic model and resource scheduling model of cloud computing,use SAL(Service Level Agreement) as pricing strategy,on the basis of DBC algorithm,propose an DABP(Deadline And Budget Priority based on DBC) algorithm for ForCES networks,DABP combines both budget and time priority to scheduling.In simulation and test,we compare the task finish time and cost of DABP algorithm with DP(Deadline Priority) algorithm and BP(Budget Priority) algorithm,the analysis results show that DABP algorithm make the task complete with less cost within deadline,benifical to load balancing of ForCES networks.

Hydrological Responses to Climate Change in the Water Receiving Area of the Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer

Climate change will lead to a significant alteration in the temporal and spatial pattern variation in the regional hydrological cycle, and the subsequent lack of water, environmental deterioration, floods and droughts etc. And it is especially remarkable in semi-humid and semi-arid region. In this paper, the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle were analyzed for the Hai River Basin, a semi-humid and semi-arid basin and also the water receiving area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion project. Meanwhile it is the most vulnerable to climate change. Firstly, the linear regression and Mann-Kendall non-parametric test methods were used to analyze the change characteristics of the hydrological and meteorological elements for the period from 1960 to 2009. The results show a significant increase in temperature, while precipitation decreases slightly, and runoff decreases drastically over the past 50 years. Secondly, the applicability of SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model based on the DEM （Digital Elevation Model）, land use and soil type was verified in the basin. Results show the model performs well in this basin. Furthermore, the water balance model, Fu＇s theory and Koichiro＇s theory were used to calculate the actual evaporation, comparing to the simulated actual evaporation by SWAT model to validate the result for the lack of large-scale observed evaporation datasets. Possible reasons were also analyzed to explore the reasonable factor for the decline of the runoff. Finally the precipitation, temperature, runoff and evaporation response processes based on the IPCC AR4 multi-mode climate models and the verified SWAT model under different GHG emission scenarios （SRES-A2, AIB and B1） in the 21st century were discussed in three time periods： 2020s （2011-2040）, 20S0s （2041-2070）, 2080s （2071-2099）. Results show that there are systematic positive trends for precipitation and temperature while the trends for runoff and evaporation will differ among sub-areas. The results will offer some references for adaptive water management in a changing environment, also including adaptation of a cross-basin water transfer project.

Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Reservoir Operation Based on Improved Set Pair Analysis

A comprehensive evaluation model based on improved set pair analysis is established. Considering the complexity in decision-making process, the model combines the certainties and uncertainties in the schemes, i.e., identical degree, different degree and opposite degree. The relations among different schemes are studied, and the traditional way of solving uncertainty problem is improved. By using the gray correlation to determine the difference degree, the problem of less evaluation indexes and inapparent linear relationship is solved. The difference between the evaluation parameters is smaller in both the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and fuzzy matter-element method, and the dipartite degree of the evaluation result is unobvious. However, the difference between each integrated connection degree is distinct in the improved set pair analysis. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and it obtains better effects than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element method.

Exploring Tourists’Low-carbon Cognition and Influencing Factors from the Dimension of Education Level

The cognition of low-carbon tourism among tourists is closely related to education level.In this study,the degree of coordination of low-carbon cognition with different educational levels is assessed by the coupling model in Wutai Mountain,and the effect of each factor on low-carbon cognition is analyzed by the geographical detector.The results show that:(1)The six cognition aspects of low-carbon tourism gradually transition from the level of intermediate coordination to good coordination with the advancement of the education level.Both the low-level and lower-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon visiting cognition,and the higher-level tourists belong to the lag type of low-carbon shopping cognition,while the high-level tourists show the lag type of low-carbon food cognition.(2)According to the individual factors and interactive effects in the geographical detector,each impacting factor has a decisive effect on tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,and the effect of any two factors after interaction shows either a double-factor or nonlinear enhancement.The findings of this study provide valuable practical implications for helping tourism destinations to educate tourists and improve their low-carbon tourism options.At the same time,this study will provide theoretical standards for measuring tourists’cognition of low-carbon tourism,so as to enrich and improve the theoretical research related to low-carbon tourism.

Model of water-sediment regulation in Yellow River and its effect

Water-sediment regulation of the Yellow River is to regulate and control the flow and sediment transport relationship of the lower reaches through reservoirs on the main streams and tributaries to create balance between water and sediment so that sediment transport capacity of the downstream channels can be maximized,shrinking of channels be contained,and medium flood channel be restored and maintained.Many years' research by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission(YRCC) reveals the water and sediment transport relationship that will prevent sedimentation at the downstream river channels.Based on this relationship and coming sediment and water conditions in the Yellow River basin,the YRCC,with maximized use of reservoirs on the main streams and tributaries,has developed three models of water-sediment regulation:single Xiaolangdi Reservoir-dominated regulation,space scale water-sediment match,and mainstream reservoirs joint operation.Ten water-sediment regulations based on these three models have resulted in an average drop of 1.5 m in the main channel of the downstream 800 km river and an increase of carrying capacity from 1800 to 4000 m3/s.Besides,the wetland ecosystems of estuarine delta has also been improved and restored significantly.

Pressure fluctuation propagation of a pump turbine at pump mode under low head condition

Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is one of the most important problems for the stable operation of a pump turbine. The fluctuation appears in any operating condition. Much research has been done on the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic machinery. However, the details of pressure fluctuation propagation of the pump turbine at the pump mode have not been revealed. The modem pump turbine with high water head requires the runner to be ＂flat＂, which would induce pressure fluctuation more easily than the low head pump turbine. In this article, a high head pump turbine model is used as the re- search object. As the pressure fluctuation at off-design point is more serious than at the design point, the low head condition is chosen as the research condition. Pressure fluctuation at the vaneless space and vanes passages is predicted by the computa- tional fluid dynamics method based on k-co shear stress transport model. The experiment conducted on the test rig of the Har- bin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery is used to verify the simulation method. It proves that the numerical method is a feasible way to research the fluctuation under this operating condition. The pressure fluctuation along the passage direction is analyzed at time and frequency domains. It is affected mainly by the interaction between the runner and vanes. In the circumferential direction, the influence of the special stay vane on the pressure fluctuation is got. The amplitude in the high-pressure side passage of that vane is lower than that in the other side. The study provides a basic understanding of the pressure fluctua- tion of a pump turbine and could be used as a reference to improve the operation stability of it.

Study on integrated calculation of ecological water demand for basin system

The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).