Analysis of phospholipids in microalga Nitzschia closterium by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Precise structural identification of phospholipids in the microalga Nitzschia closterium has been established using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) for direct analysis of total lipid extracts.Mass spectrometry was performed in reflective time-of-flight using electron spraying ionization in negative mode.Phospholipid molecular species identification was based on the characteristic product ions and neutral loss yielded by different phospholipids under ESI-MS/MS mode.The molecular species were confirmed by the carboxylate anions produced by phospholipids in negative mode;the regiospecificity of the two acyl chains was determined from the ratio of sn-1 to sn-2 carboxylate anion abundances.As a result,18 lipid molecular species were identified for the first time in this microalga,comprising seven phosphatidylcholines (PC),two phosphatidylethanolamines (PE),two phosphatidylinositols (PI),and seven phosphatidylglycerols (PG).Lipid standards of PC,PE,PI,and PG were added to the total lipids as internal standards for semiquantitative analysis,revealing concentrations of phospholipids in this species between 0.09 and 3.37 nmol/mg.This method can produce a full structural profile of intact phospholipid molecular species and can be used for study of the physiological and ecological functions of lipids by monitoring their individual changes over time.

The Efficiency and Productivity Analyses of the Turkish Banking Sector After the Restructuring Program

After the 2001 economic crisis, the banking sector restructuring program （BSRP） has been designed for the establishment of a stronger financial framework and the improvement of competition in the Turkish banking sector. The program constitutes the policies for solving specific problems such as the mismanaged assets of some banks and the recovery of regulating and supervising of the sector. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and productivity changes in the Turkish banking sector during 2002-2009. During this period the Banking Sector Restructuring Program has been applied. The data envolepment analysis （DEA） is conducted for the efficiency measurement under the production and intermediation approaches and it is observed that the efficiency of banks increased for both approaches. The mean efficiency values for the intermediation approach are higher than the values for the production approach, indicating a better functioning in financial intermediation as compared to their operational performance. The Malmquist index based on the intermediation approach is calculated to determine the productivity of the banking sector. It is observed that the productivity of banks increased during the period and the increase resulted mainly from investments in technology.

The Guidance and Meaning directed by the Three Phases of Memory on the Reading of Literature Works Written by the Style of Stream of Consciousness ——taking the Work Hear the Wind Sing by Haruki Murakami as an Example

Recently, the researchers put their attention on the literature works on Virginia Woolf or James Joyce too heavily just because the skill of stream of consciousness is used through the novel completely. Choosing this novel by Japanese writer as an example is an experiment, because the stream of consciousness as a composing method has melted its impression into the modem novel. And in the researcher＇s opinion, regardless the traditional part, the researching focus should be shifted on the works written by nowadays writer. To begin this paper, there are four questions should be solved： First, the definition of stream of consciousness should be known clearly; another question is the structure analysis of structure of Hear the Wind Sing; secondly, compared with the mental space theory and blending theory by Fauconnier, how to judge the function of Three Phases of memory＇s direction on reading should be focused on; thirdly, the reason why readers meet the problem of barrier when they read the stream of consciousness novel, and how the memory helps to solve the problem should be study in this section. Fourth, the extra factors which support the function of memory will enhance the skill of reading the SOC novel and finally foreground the meaning.

20 K及以下多级斯特林型脉管制冷机研究进展

脉管制冷机的调相结构至关重要,其目的在于将质量流与压力波的同相位置调整至约回热器的中间位置,从而有效降低回热器损失提升制冷机效率。本文归纳了多种调相机构在多级脉管制冷机中的具体应用,总结了过去十五年间在20 K及以下温度区间的斯特林型脉管制冷机的研究动态和进展。此外,本文也提出了多级斯特林型脉管制冷机在未来应用领域的发展前景以及潜在的技术发展方向。

Enhanced Cross-Phase Modulation via Phase Control in a Quantum dot Nanostructure

A four-level quantum dot (QD) nanostructure interacting with four fields (two weak near-infrared (NIR) pulses and two control fields) forms the well-known double-cascade configuration.We investigate the cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two NIR pulses.The results show,in such a closed-loop scheme,that the XPM can be greatly enhanced,while the linear absorption and two-photon absorption (gain) can be efficiently depressed by tuning the relative phase among the applied fields.This protocol may have potential applications in NIR all-optical switch design and quantum information processing with the solid-state materials.

A robust self-healing polyurethane elastomer: From H-bonds and stacking interactions to well-defined microphase morphology

Self-healing materials have attracted considerable attention because of their improved safety, lifetime, energy efficiency and environmental impact. Supramolecular interactions have been extensively considered in the field of self-healing materials due to their excellent reversibility and sensitive responsiveness to environmental stimuli. However,development of a polymeric material with good mechanical performance as well as self-healing capacity is very challenging. In this study, we report a robust self-healing polyurethane(PU) elastomer polypropylene glycol-2-amino-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol(PPG-mUPy) by integrating ureidopyrimidone(UPy) motifs with a PPG segment with a well-defined architecture and microphase morphology.To balance the self-healing capacity and mechanical performance, a thermal-triggered switch of H-bonding is introduced. The quadruple H-bonded UPy dimeric moieties in the backbone induce phase separation to form a hard domain as well as enable further aggregation into microcrystals by virtue of the stacking interactions, which are stable in ambient temperature. This feature endows the PU with high mechanical strength. Meanwhile, a high healing efficiency can be realized, when the reversibility of the H-bond was unlocked from the stacking at higher temperature. An optimized sample PPG1000-mUPy50%with a good balance of mechanical performance(20.62 MPa of tensile strength) and healing efficiency(93% in tensile strength) was achieved. This strategy will provide a new idea for developing robust self-healing polymers.

Androgen signaling regulates the transcription of anti-Müllerian hormone via synergy with SRY-related protein SOX9A

Anti-Mullerian hormone （amh） is one of the earliest functional genes expressed during testicular differentiation. It has been suggested that androgen signaling regulates critical genes for the differentiation and development of the testis. To elucidate the exact regulatory mechanisms involved in arnh transcription mediated by androgen signaling, androgen signaling was manipulated in zebrafish by cytochrome P450 17al （cyplTal） knockout and Flutamide treatment. In cyp17a1-deficient and Flutamide-treated testes, up-regulated sry-box9a （soxga） and down-regulated amh were observed. Moreover, a physical association of the zebrafish androgen receptor （AR） and SOX9A was found. The interaction between AR and SOX9A was mediated via the DNA binding domain （DBD） of AR and the transactivation domain （TA） of SOX9A, and was further enhanced by 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone （DHT）, one of the most potent androgens. Intriguingly, together with SOX9A, androgen signaling synergistically promoted amh transcription, mainly through the proximal 1 kb of the amh promoter region. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical mechanism underlying the direct synergy of androgen signaling and SOX9A in the regulation of amh transcription.

Formation of Nanometer Coherent Structures During Spinodal Decomposition and Ordering Coexistence Phase Transformation in Fe-24Al Alloys

The nanometer coherent structure evolution of spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys is investigated by the microscopic phase field kinetic model.The results show that the concentration and long-range order parameters all continuously change towards to their equilibrium values during phase transformation.With the increase of elastic interaction energy,the anisotropy along [01] or [10] elastic soft direction is more obvious and the time reaching equilibrium state is also shortened.According to the results,the formation of nanometer coherent structures during phase transformation is composed of the initial decreasing stage of order degree stage,the incubation stage,the continuous increasing stage of concentration order parameter and long-range order parameter,and the later stable stage.The spinodal decomposition and ordering is interaction;the initial ordering stage is a necessary condition of the coexistence phase transformation.The nanometer coherent structures are not found to grow during the whole phase transformation.The simulation results are in accordance with the results in experiment obtained by the aging treatment in Fe-24Al alloys.