With the development of high-resolution and multi-scale unified numerical model, some of techniques about non-hydrostatic meso-scale numerical weather prediction are addressed. The impact of the vertical coordinate sy...With the development of high-resolution and multi-scale unified numerical model, some of techniques about non-hydrostatic meso-scale numerical weather prediction are addressed. The impact of the vertical coordinate system is one of them. In this paper, based on a WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model, the impact on the calculation of vertical velocity was studied with different vertical coordinates. The simulation results showed that the calculation of vertical velocity is sensitive to vertical coordinates. It is especially more evident when the resolution increased. Due to the close relationships between vertical velocity and precipitation, the difference of vertical velocity inevitably influences model’s description of precipitation. An ideal experiment exhibits that pressure gradient force computations in the pressure terrain- following coordinate are sensitive to surface pressure.展开更多
Coordinated scheduling of multimode plays a pivotal role in the rapid gathering and dissipating of passengers in transport hubs. Based on the survey data, the whole-day reaching time distribution at transfer points of...Coordinated scheduling of multimode plays a pivotal role in the rapid gathering and dissipating of passengers in transport hubs. Based on the survey data, the whole-day reaching time distribution at transfer points of passengers from the dominant mode to the connecting mode was achieved. A GI/M K/1 bulk service queuing system was constituted by putting the passengers' reaching time distribution as the input and the connecting mode as the service institution. Through queuing theory, the relationship between average queuing length under steady-state and headway of the connecting mode was achieved. By putting the minimum total cost of system as optimization objective, the headway as decision variable, a coordinated scheduling model of multimode in intermodal transit hubs was established. At last, a dynamic scheduling strategy was generated to cope with the unexpected changes of the dominant mode. The instance analysis indicates that this model can significantly reduce passengers' queuing time by approximately 17% with no apparently increase in departure frequency, which provides a useful solution for the coordinated scheduling of different transport modes in hubs.展开更多
The author studies minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional solvable Lie groups with left invariantRiemannian metrics. A Weierstraβ type integral representation formula for minimal surfaces isobtained.
基金Innovative Research on the Techniques of Numerical Meteorological Forecasting Systems inChina - a National Key Scientific and Technological Project for the 10th Five-year Economic Development Plan(2001BA607B02) Research on topographic effects by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(7048/2002-9y-1)
文摘With the development of high-resolution and multi-scale unified numerical model, some of techniques about non-hydrostatic meso-scale numerical weather prediction are addressed. The impact of the vertical coordinate system is one of them. In this paper, based on a WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model, the impact on the calculation of vertical velocity was studied with different vertical coordinates. The simulation results showed that the calculation of vertical velocity is sensitive to vertical coordinates. It is especially more evident when the resolution increased. Due to the close relationships between vertical velocity and precipitation, the difference of vertical velocity inevitably influences model’s description of precipitation. An ideal experiment exhibits that pressure gradient force computations in the pressure terrain- following coordinate are sensitive to surface pressure.
基金Projects(51278221,51378076)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Coordinated scheduling of multimode plays a pivotal role in the rapid gathering and dissipating of passengers in transport hubs. Based on the survey data, the whole-day reaching time distribution at transfer points of passengers from the dominant mode to the connecting mode was achieved. A GI/M K/1 bulk service queuing system was constituted by putting the passengers' reaching time distribution as the input and the connecting mode as the service institution. Through queuing theory, the relationship between average queuing length under steady-state and headway of the connecting mode was achieved. By putting the minimum total cost of system as optimization objective, the headway as decision variable, a coordinated scheduling model of multimode in intermodal transit hubs was established. At last, a dynamic scheduling strategy was generated to cope with the unexpected changes of the dominant mode. The instance analysis indicates that this model can significantly reduce passengers' queuing time by approximately 17% with no apparently increase in departure frequency, which provides a useful solution for the coordinated scheduling of different transport modes in hubs.
基金Partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (No. 12740051), Japan Society for Promotion of Science.
文摘The author studies minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional solvable Lie groups with left invariantRiemannian metrics. A Weierstraβ type integral representation formula for minimal surfaces isobtained.
