针对室内定位系统中现有的行人航位推算(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)方法存在加速度计适用性较差,以及基于惯性和磁传感器的航向估计易受器件误差和磁场环境的影响,导致精度较低的问题,在不增加基础设施成本和现场勘察工作的前提下...针对室内定位系统中现有的行人航位推算(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)方法存在加速度计适用性较差,以及基于惯性和磁传感器的航向估计易受器件误差和磁场环境的影响,导致精度较低的问题,在不增加基础设施成本和现场勘察工作的前提下,提出一种调频(frequencymodulation,FM)广播信号辅助PDR的室内行人定位技术:在传播模型理论基础上探究FM信号接收信号强度指数(RSSI)与步长的关系,将其与加速度组合以提升步长估计的适用性;然后通过分析FM信号在直线/转弯运动模式下的变化,将其与角速度组合以提升模式识别准确率,并使用模式识别结果约束航向漂移误差;最后,综合步长与航向估计结果实现定位。实验结果表明,引入FM信号后定位误差均值可分别减小36.1%、78.9%。展开更多
Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest manageme...Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest management （FM） is the dominant activity accounted by Annex I parties of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change in the first commitment period of KP （2008-2012）. Data reported for 2008 and 2009 indicate that over half of the emission reduction target of 24 Annex I parties that expect to use FM removals can be offset by FM credits in the first commitment period. EspeciMly the majority of the emission reduction target of Slovenia, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Japan, and Croatia may be achieved through FM credits. The total FM CAP as contained in decision 16/CMP.1 in the first commitment period was over-estimated significantly by 50% for all KP parties and 36% for parties that elected FM. Some parties such as Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland that elected FM activity may benefit largely from the over-estimated CAP. Presuming a significant increase of the harvest rate, the FM reference level （FMRL） for 2013-2020 is only 1/5 of the historical mean value of FM removals even though most parties show an increasing or a steady trend of net removals from 1990 to 2009. As a result Annex I parties would be able to use FM credits in the future that are over 4 times of FM CAP in the first commitment period. This potentiM FM credit would account for 7.7% of total emissions by sources without land use, land-use change and forestry activities （LULUCF） in the base year or 1990, and more Annex I parties would share the ＂benefit＂ from the FMRL accounting approach.展开更多
文摘针对室内定位系统中现有的行人航位推算(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)方法存在加速度计适用性较差,以及基于惯性和磁传感器的航向估计易受器件误差和磁场环境的影响,导致精度较低的问题,在不增加基础设施成本和现场勘察工作的前提下,提出一种调频(frequencymodulation,FM)广播信号辅助PDR的室内行人定位技术:在传播模型理论基础上探究FM信号接收信号强度指数(RSSI)与步长的关系,将其与加速度组合以提升步长估计的适用性;然后通过分析FM信号在直线/转弯运动模式下的变化,将其与角速度组合以提升模式识别准确率,并使用模式识别结果约束航向漂移误差;最后,综合步长与航向估计结果实现定位。实验结果表明,引入FM信号后定位误差均值可分别减小36.1%、78.9%。
基金supported by Integrated Monitoring and Assessment on Carbon Sequestration Potential of Terrestrial Ecosystem in China(NoXDA05050602)
文摘Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest management （FM） is the dominant activity accounted by Annex I parties of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change in the first commitment period of KP （2008-2012）. Data reported for 2008 and 2009 indicate that over half of the emission reduction target of 24 Annex I parties that expect to use FM removals can be offset by FM credits in the first commitment period. EspeciMly the majority of the emission reduction target of Slovenia, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Japan, and Croatia may be achieved through FM credits. The total FM CAP as contained in decision 16/CMP.1 in the first commitment period was over-estimated significantly by 50% for all KP parties and 36% for parties that elected FM. Some parties such as Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland that elected FM activity may benefit largely from the over-estimated CAP. Presuming a significant increase of the harvest rate, the FM reference level （FMRL） for 2013-2020 is only 1/5 of the historical mean value of FM removals even though most parties show an increasing or a steady trend of net removals from 1990 to 2009. As a result Annex I parties would be able to use FM credits in the future that are over 4 times of FM CAP in the first commitment period. This potentiM FM credit would account for 7.7% of total emissions by sources without land use, land-use change and forestry activities （LULUCF） in the base year or 1990, and more Annex I parties would share the ＂benefit＂ from the FMRL accounting approach.
