基于元胞自动机的集约化矿井调风模型分析与仿真

针对高度集约化矿井采掘接替快,通风系统分支需风量变化频繁的现状,建立了分支风阻调节、风机变频调节及两者结合的自动化调节模型.以某矿局部通风系统为原型,分析确定了最小余数分支并对其风量进行监测,计算出关联分支的风量,实现对风网分支风量的全面监测判断.当某分支需风量变化时,在通风网络中建立元胞自动机模型,计算出最佳关联分支风阻的调节方案;将核定需风量代入风网进行迭代解算,反演计算出关联分支的调节风阻,通过风网解算超前验证预期的调节结果.根据分支核定的需风量迭代解算出风网总需风量,在风机特性曲线库中查找所需风机运行频率,实现调节过程的超前模拟.开发了通风系统关键分支需风量自动化调节软件,仿真验证了分支需风量变化时关联分支风阻、风机频率与两者结合调节方法的可行性.

矿井智能通风联动调控理论与供需匹配实验研究

鉴于矿井通风系统动态匹配自动化调节的现场需求,分析了风量供需匹配原理与联动调控方法,建立了多元特征融合的主通风机调频、关联分支调阻及联合调节的数学模型.提出了通风网络分支供需匹配调控模型和稳定性判定方法,基于有毒有害气体涌出(排放)预测的需风模型,开发了矿井通风供需偏离的智能化应急调控软件.实现了通风供需失衡选择变频调节时,自动计算通风机最佳工作频率;选择关联分支风阻调节时,运用元胞自动机模型计算出最佳调节巷道,并通过风网反演计算模型获取调节风阻值;当单一调节方式失效时,生成风机变频与分支调阻联合调控方案;通过风网超前模拟分析实现风量供需匹配的可靠调节.运用典型矿井通风系统建立了风网分支需风量自动化调节实验模型,以现场有毒有害气体超限统计规律为分支需风量调控导向模型开展调风稀释实验,结果表明:三种调节方式下分支风量严格按照调控理论模型变化,调风过程中CO_(2)浓度变化延时明显,风机变频调节的风网波动较小,分支风阻调节对局部风网影响大,联合调节风网波动性大.实验验证了矿井通风供需匹配智能化调控系统的实用性和可行性,为矿井通风联动调控提供理论和应用指导.

Patient and physician perception of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic appendectomy

AIM:To investigate perception of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)as a potential technique for appendectomy.METHODS:One hundred patients undergoing endoscopy and 100 physicians were given a questionnaire describing in detail the techniques of NOTES and laparoscopic appendectomy.They were asked about the reasons for their preference,choice of orifice,and extent of complication risk they were willing to accept.RESULTS:Fifty patients(50%)and only 21 physicians(21%)preferred NOTES(P<0.001).Patients had previously heard of NOTES less frequently(7%vs73%,P<0.001)and had undergone endoscopy more frequently(88%vs 36%,P<0.001)than physicians.Absence of hernia was the most common reason for NOTES preference in physicians(80%vs 44%,P= 0.003),whereas reduced pain was the most common reason in patients(66%vs 52%).Physicians were more likely to refuse NOTES as a novel and unsure technique(P<0.001)and having an increased risk of infection(P<0.001).The preferred access site in both groups was colon followed by stomach,with vagina being rarely preferred.In multivariable modeling,those with high-school education[odds ratio(OR):2.68,95% confidence interval(CI):1.23-5.83]and prior colonoscopy(OR:2.10,95%CI:1.05-4.19)were more likely to prefer NOTES over laparoscopic appendectomy.There was a steep decline in NOTES preference with increased rate of procedural complications.Male patients were more likely to consent to their wives vaginal NOTES appendectomy than male physicians(P=0.02).CONCLUSION:The preference of NOTES for appendectomy was greater in patients than physicians and was related to reduced pain and absence of hernia rather than lack of scarring.

Tonal Noise Prediction of an Automotive Engine Cooling Fan： Comparison between Analytical Models and Acoustic Analogy Results

Valeo, involved in engine cooling fan system design for many years, is interested in noise prediction tools for axial fans. Thus, this paper describes a two-part study of tonal noise computation. The first part deals with the prediction of tonal noise using analytical models. As for the second part, it describes a hybrid approach for predicting tonal noise where the sources are extracted from an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Naviers-Stocks （URANS） simulation and then propagated into the far, free field using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings＇ acoustic analogy. The computational domain is meshed with 46 million polyhedral elements and the simulation takes into account the exact geometry of the rotor blades, the stator blades and the shroud. The results from the first part show that analytical models can be used for comparisons between different fan geometries, but are unable to provide accurate noise predictions compared to experimental results. The simulation shows non-periodic blade loading over a whole fan revolution, and different blade loading between the blades. This introduces some bias in the assessment of the acoustic performance of the fan. Overall, the results from the hybrid method are in accordance with the experimental results.

OPTIMAL PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE UNDER DEPENDENT RISKS

This paper considers a correlated risk model with thinning-dependence structure. The au- thors investigate the optimal proportional reinsurance that maximizes the adjustment coefficient and the optimal proportional reinsurance under mean variance principle for the proposed model. The au- thors derive the optimal solutions and the numerical illustrations to show the impact of the dependence among the classes of business on the optimal reinsurance arrangements.

Extremes of threshold-dependent Gaussian processes

In this paper,we are concerned with the asymptotic behavior,as u→∞,of P{sup_t∈|0,T|X_u(t)>u},where X_u(t),t∈|0,T|,u>0 is a family of centered Gaussian processes with continuous trajectories.A key application of our findings concerns P{sup_t∈|0,T|(X(t)+g(t))>u},as u→∞,for X a centered Gaussian process and g some measurable trend function.Further applications include the approximation of both the ruin time and the ruin probability of the Brownian motion risk model with constant force of interest.

COMPLETE MONOTONICITY OF THE PROBABILITY OF RUIN AND DE FINETTI'S DIVIDEND PROBLEM

This paper studies the complete monotonicity of the probability of ruin in the the classical risk model and the classical risk model that is perturbed by a diffusion. As a byproduct, the authors give an alternative proof to a result on the optimal dividend problem due to Loeffen （2008）.