立功者不居功——读《谢天》

《谢天》是一篇议论散文。议论散文中的议论同一般议论性文章中的议论不同,它不用论据,更不用论证,它是借助于事例的简述、形象的描绘和感情的抒发来进行的。《谢天》一文便是如此。文中写了三个事例:第一个事例是“祖母之于我家”,第二个事例是“爱因斯坦之于《相对论》”,第三个事例是“我对‘谢天’的一种新的觉悟”。文章从儿时祖母教育“我”吃饭就得“感谢老天爷”谈起。当时,“我”认为祖母的话“是既多余、又落伍的”,认为那是迷信,是脱离实际的唯心论。因为事实是,“我”

论设计师和艺术家双重身份对作品的影响——以室内设计师谢天为例

随着工业革命之后生产力的快速发展,艺术和设计之间的隔阂逐渐消融,这两门学科相互融合,很多设计师同时兼具艺术家的身份。在当下中国,同样如此。谢天作为一名室内设计师,他的当代艺术装置作品参加了威尼斯双年展,当代水墨作品也多次举办个展。文章通过对谢天当代艺术作品和设计作品的分析,发现具有双重身份的设计师在作品中体现出的系列特点,即艺术的锚点对设计产生的影响,同时借助设计传递自己的理念,对公众进行引导,以及将设计作为一种思维方式更好地引导人们获得更高品质的生活。

谢天

文章看似平淡而浅显，实则不然。寓深刻于平淡，融哲理于浅显，是本文的一大特点。全文以“谢天”为线索，将祖母．“我”及爱因斯坦的看法等三个材料串联起来．从而使作品思路清晰，结构严谨。

谢天笑 以摇滚的名义绽放

那美丽的天总是一望无边，有粒种子埋在云下面，营养来自这满地污泥，生根发芽，仍然顺从天意。

家有“谢天”“谢地”

这次小菜采访到的老师是美丽开朗的谢倩霓老师!接触了这么多老师，谢倩霓老师绝对是最爱笑的一位老师，笑到小菜自己都刹不住车!

Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant E. coli L-asparaginase in Rats

The distribution of ^(125)I recombinant E. coli L-asparaginase in tissues ororgans and the excretion in urine, feces and bile were studied with in vivo radioactive tracertechnique. The amount of radioactivity excreted in urine, feces and bile within 24 h afterintravenous administration of ^(125)I recombinant E. col L-asparaginase to rats was 68.95% ,4.44%and 5.36% of the dose respectively. ^(125)I recombinant E. coli L-asparaginase in plasma samples wasdetermined. The levels of structural intact molecule in plasma samples were evaluated by SDS-PAGEand bio-imaging analyzer system. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed with a model-dependentmethod. The concentration-time curves of recombinant E. coli L-asparaginase after intravenousinjection at 1 250 IU·kg^(-1), 2 500, IU·kg^(-1), 5 000 IU·kg^(-1) to rats were consistent withthe two-compartment model. The first and terminal elimination t_(1/2) were 0.52 ~ 0.63 h and 2.39 ~2.76 h respectively. AUC was linearly related to the doses. The results of distribution in tissuesor organs and excretion in urine suggested that the metabolites of the enzyme were cleared bymechanisms of urinary excretion. Pharmacokinetics parameters of recombinant E. coli L- asparaginasein rats are warranted for the design of future clinical trials.

Liver cell transplantation for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type Ⅰ: Update and perspectives

Liver cell transplantation is an attractive technique to treat liver-based inborn errors of metabolism. The feasibility and efficacy of the procedure has been demonstrated, leading to medium term partial metabolic control of various diseases. Crigler-Najjar is the paradigm of such diseases in that the host liver is lacking one function with an otherwise normal parenchyma. The patient is at permanent risk for irreversible brain damage. The goal of liver cell transplantation is to reduce serum bilirubin levels within safe limits and to alleviate phototherapy requirements to improve quality of life. Preliminary data on Gunn rats, the rodent model of the disease, were encouraging and have led to successful clinical trials. Herein we report on two additional patients and describe the current limits of the technique in terms of durability of the response as compared to alternative therapeutic procedures. We discuss the future developments of the technique and new emerging perspectives.

Mobilization of Phosphorus by Naturally Occurring Or－ganic Acids in Oxisols and Ultisols

Citric and malic acids at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mmol/L were added to three Ultisolsand one Oxisol. The amount of P in solution increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, while theaniount of Fe- and Al-bound P decreased. This result suggested that naturally occurring products of organicmatter decomposition could increase the P availability to plants in soils where there is a relatively large poolof Fe- and Al-bound P.The interactions between citric and malic acids at the above concentrations. and P added at rates of10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg were determined. At zero levels of organic acids, all added P became either labileor bound, and greater proportions remained soluble as the concentration of organic acids increased, whichsuggested that organic acids reduced fixation of dissolved P in Fe- and AI-rich soils.Agricultural practices which increase organic matter input on P-deficient acid soiIs could decrease Pdeficiency. This would be important in many tropical and subtropical regions where these soils are common,and where the costs of fertilizers and lime are relatively high.

Diel variation in metabolism and ammonia excretion of Marphysa sanguinea (Polychaeta: Eunicidae)

Polychaetes provide an excellent food resource for fi sh and represent the dominant zoobenthos in marine ecosystems. Diel variation in the rates of metabolism and ammonia-N excretion of Marphysa sanguinea were studied. The worms were grouped according to their wet body weight into small（S; 1.24±0.06 g）, medium（M; 4.00±0.30 g）, and large（L; 8.54±1.08 g） categories. Their weight-specifi c metabolic rates, based on aerobic respiration（ R）, were measured at 16℃（±0.2℃） and classed as either routine（ RR） or standard（ RS） rates. Both respiration types decreased with increasing body weight. Respiration was described by R = a W^b, where b was-0.400 9 and-0.532 0 for RR and RS, respectively. Diurnal changes in RS for each group was relatively flat, with a slightly increasing trend with time, but was relatively stable as a whole. RR of the diurnal variation of worms was higher than RS, but both had similar overall trends. The peak values of specifi c dynamic action（SDA）（ RSDA） in the S, M, and L groups were 2.704, 1.149, and 0.682 mg/（g·h）, respectively. The durations of SDA were 13, 6, and 6 h, respectively and the energy expenditures of SDA were 377.98, 117.34, and 74.94 J/g, respectively. These data indicate that the metabolic rates were higher in smaller individuals, which is advantageous for their rapid growth.

Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine-cycling pathway:Their roles in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome

Although new research technologies are constantly used to look either for genes or biomarkers in the prediction of metabolic syndrome(MS),the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this complex disease remains a major challenge.Interestingly,Cheng et al recently investigated possible pathways underlying MS by high-throughput metabolite profiling in two large and well characterized community-based cohorts.The authors explored by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry the plasma concentrations of 45 distinct metabolites and examined their relation to cardiometabolic risk,and observed that metabolic risk factors such as obesity,insulin resistance(IR),high blood pressure,and dyslipidemia were associated with several metabolites,including branched-chain amino acids,other hydrophobic amino acids,tryptophan breakdown products,and nucleotide metabolites.In addition,the authors found a significant association of IR traits with glutamine,glutamate and the glutamineto-glutamate ratio.These data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of MS-associated phenotypes and introduce a crucial role of glutamine-cycling pathway as prominently involved in the development of metabolic risk.We consider that the hypothesis about the role of abnormal glutamate metabolism in the pathogenesis of the MS is certainly challenging and suggests the critical role of the liver in the global metabolic modulation as glutamate metabolism is linked with aminotransferase reactions.We discuss here the critical role of the "liver metabolism" in the pathogenesis of the MS and IR,and postulate that before fatty liver develops,abnormal levels of liver enzymes,such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferases might reflect high levels of hepatic transamination of amino acids in the liver.

Variation in metabolic enzymatic activity in white muscle and liver of blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus,in response to long-term thermal acclimatization

The effects of rearing temperature on white muscle and hepatic phosphofructokinase （PFK）, pyruvate kinase （PK）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were examined in fingerlings of blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks at temperatures of 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34℃. The activity of the glycolytic enzymes PFK, PK, and LDH in white muscle increased significantly with increase in water temperature. A reverse trend was observed for these enzymes in the liver, except for LDH, which behaved in the same manner as in white muscle. Cytosolic AST and ALT activity increased in both white muscle and liver in response to warm thermal acclimatization, while a reduction in mitochondrial AST and ALT activity was noticed at high temperatures in comparison with those at a lower temperature.

Human biochemical genetics: an insight into inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) include a broad spectrum of defects of various gene products that affect interme-diary metabolism in the body. Studying the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of those inherited disorder, systematically summarizing the disease phenotype and natural history, providing diagnostic rationale and methodology and treatment strategy comprise the context of human biochemical genetics. This session focused on: (1) manifestations of representative metabolic disorders; (2) the emergent technology and application of newborn screening of metabolic disorders using tandem mass spec-trometry; (3) principles of managing IEM; (4) the concept of carrier testing aiming prevention. Early detection of patients with IEM allows early intervention and more options for treatment.

Natural products from Bacillus subtilis with antimicrobial properties

Bacillus subtilis produces many chemlcally-dwerse seconaary metaDolltes or interest to chemists ano biologlsts. Based on this, this review gives a detailed overview of the natural components produced by B. subtilis including cyclic lipopeptides, polypeptides, proteins （enzymes）, and non-peptide products. Their structures, bioactive ac- tivities and the relevant variants as novel lead structures for drug discovery are also described. The challenging effects of fermentation metabolites, isolation and purification, as well as the overproduction of bioactive com- pounds from B. subtilis by metabolic engineering, ＇~ere also highlighted. Systematically exploring biosynthetic routes and the functions of secondary metabolites from 13. subtilis may not only be beneficial in improving yields of the products, but also in helping them to be used in food industry and public medical service on a large-scale.

老谢，现实与梦境你不怀疑

在音乐现场老谢的呢称是“孙海英”，不喜欢他的人尽情高端黑，但死忠们依旧用绰号表达对他的拥护老骨头不倒下，激情和希望仍在胸膛燃烧。谢天笑与冷血动物乐队，1994年至今从起步阶段所有乐队一样，想爆红就得使惯用伎俩——喧嚣的乐风和狂躁的现场征服摇滚迷，而如今以“雷鬼古筝”特色在台前沉稳地表达情绪，谢天笑一路太多妥协和改变，甚至在微博中转型惹人爱的段子手。

Symbionts, a promising source of bioactive natural products

Symbionts are microorganisms residing in multicellular hosts(e.g., plants and animals), and they have been witnessed to be a rich source of diverse functional molecules. This review describes structures and biological activities of symbiont-derived secondary metabolites commonly referred to as "natural products", and highlights that symbiotic microbes represent an underexplored reservoir of natural products with unique scaffolds and promising significance in managing human healthcare and agricultural production.