Sergei Eisenstein was labelled as a theory master of ＂montage＂ for a long time, but also film theory pioneer that seems to be somewhat ＂outdated＂ in the eyes of the modem people. In fact, he was one of the most im...Sergei Eisenstein was labelled as a theory master of ＂montage＂ for a long time, but also film theory pioneer that seems to be somewhat ＂outdated＂ in the eyes of the modem people. In fact, he was one of the most important figures who created a few of theories and also were good at film creation in the film history of over years. He was not only an outstanding master-level film director, but also film theorist who created rich thoughts to the world. He often discussed the film theories with intercommnnity by taking his own works such as Bronenosets Potyomkin for an example, and simultaneously connected paintings （especially the Oriental painting）, music, literature and others with new arts in the writing of theories, so that the construction of his own film theories was accomplished. The focus of this paper is the later consideration of Sergei Eisenstein on the film works structure. Also, his theoretical system and contemporary significance are rethought by studying a series of thoughts such as ＂works structure＂ , ＂dynamic characteristics＂ , ＂logarithmic spiral＂ , ＂golden section＂ and ＂passionate structure＂ .展开更多
Rice (Oryza sativa) glutamate synthase (GOGAT,EC 1.4.1.14) enzymes have been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency,but their functions in vivo and their effects on carbon and nitrogen ...Rice (Oryza sativa) glutamate synthase (GOGAT,EC 1.4.1.14) enzymes have been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency,but their functions in vivo and their effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism have not been systematically explored.In this research,we analyzed transcriptional profiles of rice GOGAT genes using a genome-wide microarray database,and investigated the effects of suppression of glutamate synthase genes on carbon and nitrogen metabolism using GOGAT co-suppressed rice plants.Transcriptional profiles showed that rice GOGAT genes were expressed differently in various tissues and organs,which suggested that they have different roles in vivo.Compared with the wild-type,tiller number,total shoot dry weight,and yield of GOGAT co-suppressed plants were significantly decreased.Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the contents of nitrate,several kinds of free amino acids,chlorophyll,sugars,sugar phosphates,and pyridine nucleotides were significantly decreased in leaves of GOGAT co-suppressed plants,but the contents of free ammonium,2-oxoglutarate,and isocitrate in leaves were increased.We conclude that GOGATs play essential roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and that they are indispensable for efficient nitrogen assimilation in rice.展开更多
文摘Sergei Eisenstein was labelled as a theory master of ＂montage＂ for a long time, but also film theory pioneer that seems to be somewhat ＂outdated＂ in the eyes of the modem people. In fact, he was one of the most important figures who created a few of theories and also were good at film creation in the film history of over years. He was not only an outstanding master-level film director, but also film theorist who created rich thoughts to the world. He often discussed the film theories with intercommnnity by taking his own works such as Bronenosets Potyomkin for an example, and simultaneously connected paintings （especially the Oriental painting）, music, literature and others with new arts in the writing of theories, so that the construction of his own film theories was accomplished. The focus of this paper is the later consideration of Sergei Eisenstein on the film works structure. Also, his theoretical system and contemporary significance are rethought by studying a series of thoughts such as ＂works structure＂ , ＂dynamic characteristics＂ , ＂logarithmic spiral＂ , ＂golden section＂ and ＂passionate structure＂ .
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2010AA101802)Transgenic Project (Grant No. 2008ZX08001-005)
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) glutamate synthase (GOGAT,EC 1.4.1.14) enzymes have been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency,but their functions in vivo and their effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism have not been systematically explored.In this research,we analyzed transcriptional profiles of rice GOGAT genes using a genome-wide microarray database,and investigated the effects of suppression of glutamate synthase genes on carbon and nitrogen metabolism using GOGAT co-suppressed rice plants.Transcriptional profiles showed that rice GOGAT genes were expressed differently in various tissues and organs,which suggested that they have different roles in vivo.Compared with the wild-type,tiller number,total shoot dry weight,and yield of GOGAT co-suppressed plants were significantly decreased.Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the contents of nitrate,several kinds of free amino acids,chlorophyll,sugars,sugar phosphates,and pyridine nucleotides were significantly decreased in leaves of GOGAT co-suppressed plants,but the contents of free ammonium,2-oxoglutarate,and isocitrate in leaves were increased.We conclude that GOGATs play essential roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and that they are indispensable for efficient nitrogen assimilation in rice.
