The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with stron...The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.展开更多
Objective： Evaluation of discrimination between two Mylabris Species based on HPLC fingerprinting andspectrum-antitumor effect relationship. Methods： In this study, a simple and efficient high-performance liquidchro...Objective： Evaluation of discrimination between two Mylabris Species based on HPLC fingerprinting andspectrum-antitumor effect relationship. Methods： In this study, a simple and efficient high-performance liquidchromatography （HPLC） method integrating with chemometric analysis and spectrum-antitumor effect relationship wasdeveloped for discrimination between two species of Mylabris： Mylabris phalerata Pallas （MP） and Mylabris cichoriiLinnaeus （MC）. Results： In the fingerprint analysis, 14 characteristic peaks were selected to assess the differencesbetween MP and MC using the similarity and pattern recognition analysis using PCA and OPLS-DA. The HPLCchromatograms of samples from 10 regions of China showed differences between MP and MC, and 7 characteristicchemical markers were found. In the spectrum-antitumor effect relationship analysis, 4 activity markers played a vitalrole in decreasing the IC50 and might be the antitumor components of Mylabris by grey relational analysis andmultivariate linear regression analysis. The chemometric analysis in combination with spectrum-effect relationshipresults indicated that peaks 2 （cytosine）, 4 （unknown） and 14 （unknown） were important differential markers fordistinguishing the two species of Mylabris. Conclusion： The method is applicable, credible and more efficient todiscriminate MP and MC, and will offer a new way for facilitating quality control of insect medicines.展开更多
This paper introduces a sliding-window mean removal high pass filter by which background clutter of infrared multispectral image is obtained. The method of selecting the optimum size of the sliding-window is based on ...This paper introduces a sliding-window mean removal high pass filter by which background clutter of infrared multispectral image is obtained. The method of selecting the optimum size of the sliding-window is based on the skewness-kurtosis test. In the end, a multivariate Gaussian distribution mathematical expression of background clutter image is given.展开更多
A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of ...A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.展开更多
The Sakaerat Environmental Research Station （SERS） was established to promote long-term ecological research （LTER） and to demonstrate sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation. In the past decade...The Sakaerat Environmental Research Station （SERS） was established to promote long-term ecological research （LTER） and to demonstrate sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation. In the past decade, the government has put a lot of effort into rehabilitating degraded forest both inside and surrounding the SERS landscape in order to link fragmented forest patches. However, there is a lack of appropriate methods that allow the measurement of the effectiveness of reforestation. The objective of this paper is to quantify land use and landscape structure changes between 1990 and 2002. The study area encompasses the SERS and its buffer zone. Land use/land cover maps were visually interpreted into 9 classes using temporal Landsat-TM images. These classes were dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry dipterocarp forest, secondary growth, plantation, grassland, old clearing, agriculture ＆ settlement, and water body. In addition, a Geographic Information System （GIS） and FRAGSTATS package were used to assess fragmentation indices. The results revealed that the annual increment rate of dry evergreen forest and dry dipterocarp forest were 0.51% and 0.97%, respectively. In addition, the total area of forest plantation expanded to roughly three times or increased 193.23% during this period. Agricultural and settlement area decreased 7.56% per year. Most of this area was replaced by plantation and natural regeneration. The fragmentation indices indicated that the remaining dry evergreen forest was highly aggregated or had low fragmentation. The number of patches decreased from 7 to 5, and mean patch size increased significantly. However, mixed deciduous forest and dry dipterocarp forest were relatively fragmented. Mixed deciduous forest showed higher fragmentation. Mean patch size area was substantially decreased from 293 ha in 1990 to 123 ha in 2002 and the mean nearest neighbor distance increased by approximately 400 m during this period.展开更多
Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers....Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.展开更多
In this work, a two-photon polymerization(2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist ...In this work, a two-photon polymerization(2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist caused by the femtosecond laser, the polymeric line with size less than the focal spot size is obtained. Based on the Raman spectroscopy characterization of SU-8 polymer before and after 2PP, we research the dynamic process of femtosecond laser induced 2PP. In Raman spectra, some scattering peaks with large intensity variation, such as 1 108 cm^(-1) and 1 183 cm^(-1), indicate that the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C bond in SU-8 polymer is increased. By comparison, we can find that 2PP only affects the light absorption of initiator, but does not affect the monomer polymerization. It is helpful to understand the interaction of photoresist and femtosecond laser, and plays an important role in quantitatively controlling the polymerization degree of SU-8 polymer and improving the processing resolution of 2PP.展开更多
To search for novel 2-arylpyrroles with unique biological activities,a series of novel 2-arylpyrrole derivatives were designed and synthesized,and their structures were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy,M...To search for novel 2-arylpyrroles with unique biological activities,a series of novel 2-arylpyrrole derivatives were designed and synthesized,and their structures were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy,MS spectrometry,and elemental analysis.Their insecticidal activities against Lepidopteran pests (e.g.Mythimna separata) and acaricidal activities against mites (e.g.Tetranychus urticae) were evaluated.The results of bioassays indicate that some of these title compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities.For example,4-bromo-1-((chloromethoxy)methyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (6a),4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((2-fluoroethoxy)-methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (6d) showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata and 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)1-((isopropoxymethoxy)methyl)-5-(trifluoro methyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (7d) showed acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae.They were more effective than Chlorfenapyr,which has been the only commercialized member of a new class of chemicals of 2-arylpyrroles.展开更多
基金Trichy-1 for academic support throughout the studythe Department of Science and Technology (SERCFasttrack Young scientist Scheme),India for fundingthe Tamil Nadu Forest Department for granting me the required permission.
文摘The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.
基金Funding： This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81260488 and 81560669）, KeyLab Construction Project of the Educational Department of Guizhou Province （Project No. Guizhou EducationCooperation KY[2014]212） , Science Inovative Talent Team for Medicinal Insect Research and Development in Zunyi（Zunyi shi ke he 2015-40） and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guizhou Province high-tech researchand development projects （Qian ke he ZY 2012-2009）.
文摘Objective： Evaluation of discrimination between two Mylabris Species based on HPLC fingerprinting andspectrum-antitumor effect relationship. Methods： In this study, a simple and efficient high-performance liquidchromatography （HPLC） method integrating with chemometric analysis and spectrum-antitumor effect relationship wasdeveloped for discrimination between two species of Mylabris： Mylabris phalerata Pallas （MP） and Mylabris cichoriiLinnaeus （MC）. Results： In the fingerprint analysis, 14 characteristic peaks were selected to assess the differencesbetween MP and MC using the similarity and pattern recognition analysis using PCA and OPLS-DA. The HPLCchromatograms of samples from 10 regions of China showed differences between MP and MC, and 7 characteristicchemical markers were found. In the spectrum-antitumor effect relationship analysis, 4 activity markers played a vitalrole in decreasing the IC50 and might be the antitumor components of Mylabris by grey relational analysis andmultivariate linear regression analysis. The chemometric analysis in combination with spectrum-effect relationshipresults indicated that peaks 2 （cytosine）, 4 （unknown） and 14 （unknown） were important differential markers fordistinguishing the two species of Mylabris. Conclusion： The method is applicable, credible and more efficient todiscriminate MP and MC, and will offer a new way for facilitating quality control of insect medicines.
文摘This paper introduces a sliding-window mean removal high pass filter by which background clutter of infrared multispectral image is obtained. The method of selecting the optimum size of the sliding-window is based on the skewness-kurtosis test. In the end, a multivariate Gaussian distribution mathematical expression of background clutter image is given.
基金Project(20576142) supposed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2009DFA31270) supported by the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.
文摘The Sakaerat Environmental Research Station （SERS） was established to promote long-term ecological research （LTER） and to demonstrate sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation. In the past decade, the government has put a lot of effort into rehabilitating degraded forest both inside and surrounding the SERS landscape in order to link fragmented forest patches. However, there is a lack of appropriate methods that allow the measurement of the effectiveness of reforestation. The objective of this paper is to quantify land use and landscape structure changes between 1990 and 2002. The study area encompasses the SERS and its buffer zone. Land use/land cover maps were visually interpreted into 9 classes using temporal Landsat-TM images. These classes were dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry dipterocarp forest, secondary growth, plantation, grassland, old clearing, agriculture ＆ settlement, and water body. In addition, a Geographic Information System （GIS） and FRAGSTATS package were used to assess fragmentation indices. The results revealed that the annual increment rate of dry evergreen forest and dry dipterocarp forest were 0.51% and 0.97%, respectively. In addition, the total area of forest plantation expanded to roughly three times or increased 193.23% during this period. Agricultural and settlement area decreased 7.56% per year. Most of this area was replaced by plantation and natural regeneration. The fragmentation indices indicated that the remaining dry evergreen forest was highly aggregated or had low fragmentation. The number of patches decreased from 7 to 5, and mean patch size increased significantly. However, mixed deciduous forest and dry dipterocarp forest were relatively fragmented. Mixed deciduous forest showed higher fragmentation. Mean patch size area was substantially decreased from 293 ha in 1990 to 123 ha in 2002 and the mean nearest neighbor distance increased by approximately 400 m during this period.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (Grant Nos.2012AA10A408 and 2012AA10A402)
文摘Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB934101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11404173)
文摘In this work, a two-photon polymerization(2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist caused by the femtosecond laser, the polymeric line with size less than the focal spot size is obtained. Based on the Raman spectroscopy characterization of SU-8 polymer before and after 2PP, we research the dynamic process of femtosecond laser induced 2PP. In Raman spectra, some scattering peaks with large intensity variation, such as 1 108 cm^(-1) and 1 183 cm^(-1), indicate that the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C bond in SU-8 polymer is increased. By comparison, we can find that 2PP only affects the light absorption of initiator, but does not affect the monomer polymerization. It is helpful to understand the interaction of photoresist and femtosecond laser, and plays an important role in quantitatively controlling the polymerization degree of SU-8 polymer and improving the processing resolution of 2PP.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB126104)National Twelfth-five Key Project of China(2011BAE06B01-03)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21272062)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (11JJ2006,11JJ3022 and 10JJ3053)Science Plan of Hunan Province (2010FJ2003)
文摘To search for novel 2-arylpyrroles with unique biological activities,a series of novel 2-arylpyrrole derivatives were designed and synthesized,and their structures were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy,MS spectrometry,and elemental analysis.Their insecticidal activities against Lepidopteran pests (e.g.Mythimna separata) and acaricidal activities against mites (e.g.Tetranychus urticae) were evaluated.The results of bioassays indicate that some of these title compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities.For example,4-bromo-1-((chloromethoxy)methyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (6a),4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((2-fluoroethoxy)-methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (6d) showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata and 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)1-((isopropoxymethoxy)methyl)-5-(trifluoro methyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (7d) showed acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae.They were more effective than Chlorfenapyr,which has been the only commercialized member of a new class of chemicals of 2-arylpyrroles.
