Barn Burning （1939）, one of William Faulkner＇s outstanding short stories, is not only about the struggles between different classes, but also depicts the boy＇s initiation into manhood after he sees his father＇s r...Barn Burning （1939）, one of William Faulkner＇s outstanding short stories, is not only about the struggles between different classes, but also depicts the boy＇s initiation into manhood after he sees his father＇s rash and irrational revenge activities. The boy protagonist＇s constant dilemma is between whether to protect his father＇s authority due to the old fierce blood tie or to disclose his father＇s quasi-criminal attempts according to his own standard of justice. Based on close reading of the text, this paper aims to make a detailed analysis of the different factors （paternalism and his own idea of justice） that influence the boy＇s choices at different stages. After the long-time struggle, the boy finally chooses to follow his own standards of right and justice, which signifies his gradual initiation into manhood.展开更多
The Albertine Graben is one of the most petroliferous onshore rifts in Africa. It forms the northemmost termination of the western arm of the East African Rift System. Its surface exposures were first studied by Wayla...The Albertine Graben is one of the most petroliferous onshore rifts in Africa. It forms the northemmost termination of the western arm of the East African Rift System. Its surface exposures were first studied by Wayland [1] and Pickford et al. [2] among others. Pickford et al. [2] especially developed the basic stratigraphic framework of the graben which was later modified by the government geoscientists and international oil companies using subsurface data. However, the stratigraphic units were not fully and formally described, and have been used informally in different and often confusing ways. The current study therefore aims to solve this challenge by establishing a coherent stratigraphic scheme for the entire graben through an integral study of surface and subsurface data. The study involves precise description of the type and reference sections for various formations both in exposure and wells; and has therefore led to the development of lithostratigraphic columns of different basins in the graben. The approach reveals that the Semliki area, south of Lake Albert, has the most complete sedimentary succession in the graben, spanning the period from middle Miocene （ca 15 Ma） to Recent. It also reveals that platform deposits, which form a small fraction of the thickness of the basinal succession, represent a highly condensed sequence which only saw deposition at times of Lake highstand.展开更多
The modeling of germination and seedling emergence is required for the construction of a simulation model of three species of millet （panicum miliaceum, pennisetum galucum and setaria italica）. This study provides t...The modeling of germination and seedling emergence is required for the construction of a simulation model of three species of millet （panicum miliaceum, pennisetum galucum and setaria italica）. This study provides the necessary temperature parameters to model these processes. For this purpose, different non-linear regression models including fiat, logistic, quadratic, sigmoidal, dent-like, segmented, beta and curvilinear were used. Root Mean Square of Errors, coefficient of determination and regression coefficients of predicted values versus observed were used to find the appropriate model. Investigating regression coefficients indicated that dent-like model has the least RMSE and a coefficient （RMSE=0.000009, a=0.0006） and the biggest R2 and b coefficient （R2=0.96, b=0.98） in common millet. These coefficients were （RMSE=0.01, a=0.005） and （R2=0.94, b=0.97）, and （RMSE=0.004, a=0.05） and （R2=0.99, b=0.99）, for beta in foxtail and pearl millet, respectively. According to these coefficients, dent-like, was chosen as the best model to describe the response of common millet germination to temperature （Tb=7~C and Tc=49.50℃）. Also beta, was chosen for foxtail millet （Tb=7℃, Tc=49.50℃）. Beta, was chosen as the best model for pearl millet （Tb=6.5 ℃ and To=4 ℃ ）. These parameters can be used in millet simulation models to predict sowing to emergence duration based on a thermal time concept. Also, required biological days from sowing to emergence using these models varied from 3.57, 4.29 and 5.54, for common millet, foxtail millet and pearl millet, respectively.展开更多
Objective The neuroprotective roles of cyclooxygenase （COX） and lipooxygenase （LOX） inhibitors have been well documented. Quinolinic acid （QA） is a well-known excitotoxic agent that could induce behavioral, morp...Objective The neuroprotective roles of cyclooxygenase （COX） and lipooxygenase （LOX） inhibitors have been well documented. Quinolinic acid （QA） is a well-known excitotoxic agent that could induce behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations similar with symptoms of Huntington’s disease （HD）, by stimulating NMDA receptors. However, the exact roles of COX and LOX inhibitors in HD have not yet been explained. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of caffeic acid （a specific inhibitor for LOX）, rofecoxib （a specific inhibitor for COX-2）, and their combination in ameliorating QA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods QA was injected into the right striatum of rats to induce neurotoxicity. Caffeic acid and rofecoxib were then orally administered separately. In the combination study, caffeic acid and rofecoxib were administered together. After that, a series of behavioral assessments were conducted to determine the effects of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, respectively, and the co-effect of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, against QA-induced neurotoxicity. Results Intrastriatal QA administration （300 nmol） not only induced a significant reduction in body weight and motor incoordination, but also altered the redox status （decreased glutathione and increased oxidized glutathione level） in striatum, as compared to the sham group. Moreover, chronic treatment with caffeic acid （5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.） or rofecoxib （10 mg/kg, p.o.） could significantly attenuate QA-induced behavioral alterations and restore the redox status in striatum. However, at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg, caffeic acid did not show any significant effects on these parameters in QA-treated rats. Furthermore, the combination of rofecoxib （10 mg/kg） and caffeic acid （5 mg/kg） could significantly protect against QA neurotoxicity. Conclusion The in vivo study indicates that excitotoxic injury to the brain might affect oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by eliciting changes in glutathione. Moreover, the LOX and the COX pathways may be both involved in quinolinic-induced neurotoxicity, which provides a promising target for HD treatment.展开更多
文摘Barn Burning （1939）, one of William Faulkner＇s outstanding short stories, is not only about the struggles between different classes, but also depicts the boy＇s initiation into manhood after he sees his father＇s rash and irrational revenge activities. The boy protagonist＇s constant dilemma is between whether to protect his father＇s authority due to the old fierce blood tie or to disclose his father＇s quasi-criminal attempts according to his own standard of justice. Based on close reading of the text, this paper aims to make a detailed analysis of the different factors （paternalism and his own idea of justice） that influence the boy＇s choices at different stages. After the long-time struggle, the boy finally chooses to follow his own standards of right and justice, which signifies his gradual initiation into manhood.
文摘The Albertine Graben is one of the most petroliferous onshore rifts in Africa. It forms the northemmost termination of the western arm of the East African Rift System. Its surface exposures were first studied by Wayland [1] and Pickford et al. [2] among others. Pickford et al. [2] especially developed the basic stratigraphic framework of the graben which was later modified by the government geoscientists and international oil companies using subsurface data. However, the stratigraphic units were not fully and formally described, and have been used informally in different and often confusing ways. The current study therefore aims to solve this challenge by establishing a coherent stratigraphic scheme for the entire graben through an integral study of surface and subsurface data. The study involves precise description of the type and reference sections for various formations both in exposure and wells; and has therefore led to the development of lithostratigraphic columns of different basins in the graben. The approach reveals that the Semliki area, south of Lake Albert, has the most complete sedimentary succession in the graben, spanning the period from middle Miocene （ca 15 Ma） to Recent. It also reveals that platform deposits, which form a small fraction of the thickness of the basinal succession, represent a highly condensed sequence which only saw deposition at times of Lake highstand.
文摘The modeling of germination and seedling emergence is required for the construction of a simulation model of three species of millet （panicum miliaceum, pennisetum galucum and setaria italica）. This study provides the necessary temperature parameters to model these processes. For this purpose, different non-linear regression models including fiat, logistic, quadratic, sigmoidal, dent-like, segmented, beta and curvilinear were used. Root Mean Square of Errors, coefficient of determination and regression coefficients of predicted values versus observed were used to find the appropriate model. Investigating regression coefficients indicated that dent-like model has the least RMSE and a coefficient （RMSE=0.000009, a=0.0006） and the biggest R2 and b coefficient （R2=0.96, b=0.98） in common millet. These coefficients were （RMSE=0.01, a=0.005） and （R2=0.94, b=0.97）, and （RMSE=0.004, a=0.05） and （R2=0.99, b=0.99）, for beta in foxtail and pearl millet, respectively. According to these coefficients, dent-like, was chosen as the best model to describe the response of common millet germination to temperature （Tb=7~C and Tc=49.50℃）. Also beta, was chosen for foxtail millet （Tb=7℃, Tc=49.50℃）. Beta, was chosen as the best model for pearl millet （Tb=6.5 ℃ and To=4 ℃ ）. These parameters can be used in millet simulation models to predict sowing to emergence duration based on a thermal time concept. Also, required biological days from sowing to emergence using these models varied from 3.57, 4.29 and 5.54, for common millet, foxtail millet and pearl millet, respectively.
基金support from University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for carrying out the present study
文摘Objective The neuroprotective roles of cyclooxygenase （COX） and lipooxygenase （LOX） inhibitors have been well documented. Quinolinic acid （QA） is a well-known excitotoxic agent that could induce behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations similar with symptoms of Huntington’s disease （HD）, by stimulating NMDA receptors. However, the exact roles of COX and LOX inhibitors in HD have not yet been explained. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of caffeic acid （a specific inhibitor for LOX）, rofecoxib （a specific inhibitor for COX-2）, and their combination in ameliorating QA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods QA was injected into the right striatum of rats to induce neurotoxicity. Caffeic acid and rofecoxib were then orally administered separately. In the combination study, caffeic acid and rofecoxib were administered together. After that, a series of behavioral assessments were conducted to determine the effects of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, respectively, and the co-effect of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, against QA-induced neurotoxicity. Results Intrastriatal QA administration （300 nmol） not only induced a significant reduction in body weight and motor incoordination, but also altered the redox status （decreased glutathione and increased oxidized glutathione level） in striatum, as compared to the sham group. Moreover, chronic treatment with caffeic acid （5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.） or rofecoxib （10 mg/kg, p.o.） could significantly attenuate QA-induced behavioral alterations and restore the redox status in striatum. However, at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg, caffeic acid did not show any significant effects on these parameters in QA-treated rats. Furthermore, the combination of rofecoxib （10 mg/kg） and caffeic acid （5 mg/kg） could significantly protect against QA neurotoxicity. Conclusion The in vivo study indicates that excitotoxic injury to the brain might affect oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by eliciting changes in glutathione. Moreover, the LOX and the COX pathways may be both involved in quinolinic-induced neurotoxicity, which provides a promising target for HD treatment.
