Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot...Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot （ARR）, caused by the soil-borne oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. （A. euteiches）, is a major threat to pea production in many pea-growing regions including Canada; it can cause severe root damage, wilting, and considerable yield losses under wet soil conditions. Traditional disease management strategies, such as crop rotations and seed treatments, cannot fully prevent ARR under conditions conducive for the disease, due to the longevity of the pathogen oospores, which can infect field pea plants at any growth stage. The development of pea cultivars with partial resistance or tolerance to ARR may be a promising approach to analyze the variability and physiologic specialization ofA. euteiches in field pea and to improve the management of this disease. As such, the detection of quantitative trait loci （QTL） for resistance is essential to field pea-breeding programs. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics of A. euteiches are reviewed along with various ARR management strategies and the QTL associated with partial resistance to ARR.展开更多
Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, inc...Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, including high sustainability, low environmental pressure, and high economic benefit. Emergy analysis is a promising tool for evaluation of the environmental-economic performance of these production systems. In this study, emergy analysis was used to evaluate three courtyard agricultural production models： Raising Geese in Corn Fields （RGICF）, Con- ventional Corn Planting （CCP）, and Pea-Wheat Rotation （PWR）. The results showed that the RGICF model produced greater economic benefits, and had higher sustainability, lower environmental pressure, and higher product safety than the CCP and PWR models. The emergy yield ratio （EYR） and emergy self-support ratio （ESR） of RGICF were 0.66 and 0.11, respectively, lower than those of the CCP production model, and 0.99 and 0.08, respectively, lower than those of the PWR production model. The impact of RGICF （1.45） on the environment was lower than that of CCP （2.26） and PWR （2.46）. The emergy sustainable indices （ESIs） of RGICF were 1.07 and 1.02 times higher than those of CCP and PWR, respectively. With regard to the emergy index of product safety （EIPS）, RGICF had a higher safety index than those of CCP and PWR. Overall, our results suggest that the RGICF model is advantageous and provides higher environmental benefits than the CCP and PWR systems.展开更多
基金funding support received from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canadathe Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Association+1 种基金the Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers through the Growing Forward 2the Pest Management and Surveillance Implementation Program
文摘Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot （ARR）, caused by the soil-borne oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. （A. euteiches）, is a major threat to pea production in many pea-growing regions including Canada; it can cause severe root damage, wilting, and considerable yield losses under wet soil conditions. Traditional disease management strategies, such as crop rotations and seed treatments, cannot fully prevent ARR under conditions conducive for the disease, due to the longevity of the pathogen oospores, which can infect field pea plants at any growth stage. The development of pea cultivars with partial resistance or tolerance to ARR may be a promising approach to analyze the variability and physiologic specialization ofA. euteiches in field pea and to improve the management of this disease. As such, the detection of quantitative trait loci （QTL） for resistance is essential to field pea-breeding programs. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics of A. euteiches are reviewed along with various ARR management strategies and the QTL associated with partial resistance to ARR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31201594)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of CAS(No.KFJ-EW-STS-073)the Development Platform of Wild Characteristic Biological Resources in Tibet Autonomous Region,China
文摘Home courtyard agriculture is an important model of agricultural production on the Tibetan plateau. Be- cause of the sensitive and fragile plateau environment, it needs to have optimal performance characteristics, including high sustainability, low environmental pressure, and high economic benefit. Emergy analysis is a promising tool for evaluation of the environmental-economic performance of these production systems. In this study, emergy analysis was used to evaluate three courtyard agricultural production models： Raising Geese in Corn Fields （RGICF）, Con- ventional Corn Planting （CCP）, and Pea-Wheat Rotation （PWR）. The results showed that the RGICF model produced greater economic benefits, and had higher sustainability, lower environmental pressure, and higher product safety than the CCP and PWR models. The emergy yield ratio （EYR） and emergy self-support ratio （ESR） of RGICF were 0.66 and 0.11, respectively, lower than those of the CCP production model, and 0.99 and 0.08, respectively, lower than those of the PWR production model. The impact of RGICF （1.45） on the environment was lower than that of CCP （2.26） and PWR （2.46）. The emergy sustainable indices （ESIs） of RGICF were 1.07 and 1.02 times higher than those of CCP and PWR, respectively. With regard to the emergy index of product safety （EIPS）, RGICF had a higher safety index than those of CCP and PWR. Overall, our results suggest that the RGICF model is advantageous and provides higher environmental benefits than the CCP and PWR systems.
