Objective: To survey the effects of inhaled heparin on airway inflammation inguinea pigs with asthma and investigate the possible mechanism of inhaled heparin in the treatmentof asthma. Methods: The asthma in guinea p...Objective: To survey the effects of inhaled heparin on airway inflammation inguinea pigs with asthma and investigate the possible mechanism of inhaled heparin in the treatmentof asthma. Methods: The asthma in guinea pigs induced by ovalbumin was treated with inhaled heparin.The changes of cellularities in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the airway walls wereexamined. Histologic examinations were also done in the guinea pig controls. Results: The number ofeosinophils, lymphocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells in the BAL fluid from the group treated withheparin was significantly lower than that of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Within theairway watts of the heparin treated group, the eosinophil infiltration was less prominent than thatof the group of asthma controls (P<0.001) and the number of mast cell was significantly higher thanthat of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Histologic examination showed that airway damages inthe heparin treated group were mild. Conclusion: Heparin can inhibit airway inflammation andalleviate airway damage in guinea pigs with asthma.展开更多
Biofilm-associated microorganisms play crucial roles in terrestrial and aquatic nutrient cycling and in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Biofilm formation was determined for a total of 18 bacterial isol...Biofilm-associated microorganisms play crucial roles in terrestrial and aquatic nutrient cycling and in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Biofilm formation was determined for a total of 18 bacterial isolates obtained from the biofilms of wastewater treatment systems and of little carpolite in soil. Among these isolates, seven showed strong biofilm-forming capacity. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates showing high biofilm formation capacity was determined through 16S rDNA sequencing and the isolates were grouped into 7 bacterial species including Pseudornonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, Aeromonas caviae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudornonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Comamonas testosteroni. The biofilm-forming capacity was closely related with flagella, exopolysaccharide, and extracellular protein. According to the coefficient of determination, the relative importance of the five biological characteristics to biofilm formation was, in order from greatest to least, exopolysaccharide 〉 flagella 〉 N-acyl-homoserine lactones （AHLs） signaling molecules 〉 extracellular protein 〉 swarming motility.展开更多
The airborne ragweed pollen spectrum was investigated in the air of Ankara, Turkey for aperiod of ten years (1990-1999) using a Burkard seven-day volumetric recording trap. In our study period,long distance transporte...The airborne ragweed pollen spectrum was investigated in the air of Ankara, Turkey for aperiod of ten years (1990-1999) using a Burkard seven-day volumetric recording trap. In our study period,long distance transported Ambrosia pollen has been registered. Daily pollen levels varied from low to highin Burge抯 system. In last three years, the pollen concentration of Ambrosia showed a clear increasingtendency. Our results prove that ragweed pollen may be an important threat for ragweed sensitive patientsin Ankara city in near future.展开更多
Artesunate is a derivative of qinghaosu, with a sesquiterpene structure. The specific action and the clinical uses of artesunate are on the preliminary stage. On the one hand, artesunate has specific action of both an...Artesunate is a derivative of qinghaosu, with a sesquiterpene structure. The specific action and the clinical uses of artesunate are on the preliminary stage. On the one hand, artesunate has specific action of both antiinflammation and antivirus, and also has protective effect on the pulmonary alveolar macrophages, which may be advantageous to the treatment of the airway non specific inflammation of asthma. On the other hand, qinghaosu has the activities to relax vascular smooth muscle and to cause hypotension. The expectorant action, the antitussive action and the antiasthmatic action of qinghaosu were reported. Artesunate may also have antiasthmatic activity, because the antimalarial potency of artesunate is stronger than that of qinghaosu, and Artesunate can block Ca 2+ influx by inhibiting calcium dependent chloride current. The main aims of this paper are to investigate the site, the mode, and the mechanism of artesunate action on isolated tracheal smooth muscle from the guinea pig. The isolated tracheal smooth muscle and isolated aortic strip circle were suspended in 10 ml Thornton and 5 ml Krebs solution gassed with 95% O 2+5% CO 2 at 37℃ respectively, and stretched with an initial tension of 1.5 g. After a stabilization period of over two hours, drug effects were plotted from cumulative doses. The tension changes were recorded by a forcedisplacement transducer connected to a two pen recorder (XWTD 264 made in Shanghai Dahua Apparatus Factory). Our experiments on isolated tracheal smooth muscle have demonstrated that artesunate is able to relax tracheal smooth muscle by its action on the tracheal smooth muscle cells. In concentrations ranging from 10 pmol·L 1 to 100 nmol·L 1 , artesunate can reduce the tone of the trachea in a concentration dependent manner. Its pD 2 is 8.76±0.74 (epithelium removed, n=6) and its potency is seventy four percent of isoprenaline′s. Artesunate is able to antagonize noncompetitively the effects of spasmogens like acetylcholine and histamine on trachea in a concentration dependent fashion, its pD′ 2 is 9.99±0.71 (n=8) and 11.69±0.53 (n=8), respectively. Timolol, a non selective blocker of the beta adrenergic receptors, does not inhibit the relaxant action of artesunate on trachea (n=6). Artesunate is also able to antagonize the constrictive effect on the trachea by KCl 100 mmol·L 1 in a concentration dependent manner, and its IC 50 is 0.81±0.67 nmol·L 1 (n=6). In the experiment of antagonizing the contractive action on trachea by acetylcholine 100 μmol·L 1 , artesunate was found to be more potent than nicardipine (n=7, P <0.01). Their inhibition rates (%) were 67.51±13.06% and 23.71±11.94% respectively. Nicardipine had no synergistic effect on the potency of artesunate (only increase the inhibition rate of artesunate from 65.71±11.06% to 73.94±11.78%, P>0.05, n=7). Artesunate had no effect on specific binding of 3H QNB on M 3 subtype of mAChR of salivary gland of rats (n=3). In the experiment of isolated aortic strip circle from the rats, artesunate did not block the intracellular Ca 2+ release, but partially inhibited Ca 2+ influx induced by phenylephrine 10 μmol·L 1 in a concentration dependent fashion. Its IC 50 was 1.64±0.38 mmol·L 1 (n=7). The intracellular Ca 2+ transient was determined using Fura 2 by fluorospectrophotometer (RF 5000 made in Japan). The excitation wavelengths were 340 and 380 nm and the emission wavelength was 510 nm. The intracellular Ca 2+ levels were calculated using the formula∶ [Ca 2+ ] i=Kd [(R t R min )/(R max R t)]×(Sf2/Sb2). In the cultured traheal smooth muscle cells, artesunate 100 μmol 1 had no effects on both intracellular Ca 2+ release and nonvoltagedepended Ca 2+ influx induced by cyclopiazonic acid (a Ca 2+ pump inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum) 10 μmol·L 1 (n=3) (which was determined by using Fura 2). The cyclic AMP levels of the tracheal tissue were展开更多
The acute （15 minutes-4 hours） effects of exposure to the inhaled DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） on blood parameters of Guinea pigs Cavia porcellus were assessed via CBC （complete blood count） as an indicator usin...The acute （15 minutes-4 hours） effects of exposure to the inhaled DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） on blood parameters of Guinea pigs Cavia porcellus were assessed via CBC （complete blood count） as an indicator using an automated blood analyzer machines （Cell DYN 1700）. The results showed significant changes in some parameters in comparison with control animals started as early as 15 minutes and intensified by the continuous exposure time, leading to significant increase （p 〈 0.05） in the number of both WBC （white blood cells）, PLT （blood platelets） and decrease in numbers of RBC （red blood corpuscles） while hemoglobin percentages （Hb%） showed an insignificant （p 〉 0.05） fluctuating rhythm. The percentages of both Neutrophil and Lymphocyt recorded a significant increase （p 〈 0.05） 1 hour post-exposure to the DEE while other WBCs showed less changes. It is concluded that blood components are so sensitive to DEE and do respond quicker to inhaled pollutants via changes in some components of WBC% but decrease in RBC% and the likelihood of blood clotting due to increase in blood platelets. These results indicate the acute toxic risks of the exposure to DEE of mechanics and technicians who work in vicinity of DEE sources or/and spend most daily hours in semi closed areas.展开更多
During three years lasting studies on the territory of the city of Novi Sad, terrain studies of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution as well as mapping were performed on regulated and disordered green areas and on ...During three years lasting studies on the territory of the city of Novi Sad, terrain studies of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution as well as mapping were performed on regulated and disordered green areas and on arable areas. For mapping of ragweed distribution, partially modified method of Braun-Blanquet was used, and data processing was perfomed by specially designed program Ambrosia Spot Marker. Monitoring of this species was also done because of the occurrence of retrovegetation after mowing. During vegetation period, this allergenic weed species was controlled by multiple mowing, and rough ruderal sites outside settlements were treated by glyphosate at a rate of 1.2 kg ha^-1 -2.4 kg ha^-1. The study comprehended also monitoring of pollen concentrations in the air by Rotorod pollen sampler spore collector. A. artemisiifolia L. was established in 21 city zones on over 200 localities, on the banks of the river Danube, in Petrovaradin and Sremski Karlovci. Recommended mechanical measures such as mowing, drilling in the phase of germination, and chemical control measures, resulted in significant reduction ofA. artemisiifolia L. In the second half of the August 2009 the highest number of pollen grains was found in the amount of 783 pollen grains per m3 of air.展开更多
DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） and fossil fuel do contribute to the pollution of ecosystem while very little is known about their toxic effects on pulmonary tissue in the short-term. Ten male Guinea pigs exposed to DE...DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） and fossil fuel do contribute to the pollution of ecosystem while very little is known about their toxic effects on pulmonary tissue in the short-term. Ten male Guinea pigs exposed to DEE in an open system experiment at different time schemes and their tracheas and lungs were processed for routine Histology, Immunohistochemsitry and TEM （transmission Electron Microscopy） techniques. The results revealed early toxicological effects of DEE on pulmonary tissue involved cellular damages to the mucosa of trachea and bronchial tree, rupture of alveolar walls, disintegration of pneumocytes, development of mucous secretions, swellings in the alveolar network, hemorrhage and lymphatic infiltration all over the parenchyma starting from the early hours of exposure to DEE. Ultrastructural changes confirmed the ruptures to the alveolar walls, infiltration of various WBC （white blood cells）, development of vacuoles inside the cytoplasmic organelles of pnemocytes, distortion in morphology of both RBCs （Red Blood corpuscles） which all had begun as early as 1 h following the exposure to the DEE. Activation of the immune system was noted via the increase in size of lymph nodules to confront the invaded particulates. These results indicate blockage of the respiratory leading to suffocation and do alert the expected acute cellular harms to the pulmonary tissues following exposure to the DEE of mechanics work in vicinity of DEE who spend most daily hours in semi-closed areas.展开更多
文摘Objective: To survey the effects of inhaled heparin on airway inflammation inguinea pigs with asthma and investigate the possible mechanism of inhaled heparin in the treatmentof asthma. Methods: The asthma in guinea pigs induced by ovalbumin was treated with inhaled heparin.The changes of cellularities in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the airway walls wereexamined. Histologic examinations were also done in the guinea pig controls. Results: The number ofeosinophils, lymphocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells in the BAL fluid from the group treated withheparin was significantly lower than that of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Within theairway watts of the heparin treated group, the eosinophil infiltration was less prominent than thatof the group of asthma controls (P<0.001) and the number of mast cell was significantly higher thanthat of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Histologic examination showed that airway damages inthe heparin treated group were mild. Conclusion: Heparin can inhibit airway inflammation andalleviate airway damage in guinea pigs with asthma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30600016)the Environment Protection Department of Jiangsu Province,China (No.2004007)
文摘Biofilm-associated microorganisms play crucial roles in terrestrial and aquatic nutrient cycling and in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Biofilm formation was determined for a total of 18 bacterial isolates obtained from the biofilms of wastewater treatment systems and of little carpolite in soil. Among these isolates, seven showed strong biofilm-forming capacity. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates showing high biofilm formation capacity was determined through 16S rDNA sequencing and the isolates were grouped into 7 bacterial species including Pseudornonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, Aeromonas caviae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudornonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Comamonas testosteroni. The biofilm-forming capacity was closely related with flagella, exopolysaccharide, and extracellular protein. According to the coefficient of determination, the relative importance of the five biological characteristics to biofilm formation was, in order from greatest to least, exopolysaccharide 〉 flagella 〉 N-acyl-homoserine lactones （AHLs） signaling molecules 〉 extracellular protein 〉 swarming motility.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Ankara University.
文摘The airborne ragweed pollen spectrum was investigated in the air of Ankara, Turkey for aperiod of ten years (1990-1999) using a Burkard seven-day volumetric recording trap. In our study period,long distance transported Ambrosia pollen has been registered. Daily pollen levels varied from low to highin Burge抯 system. In last three years, the pollen concentration of Ambrosia showed a clear increasingtendency. Our results prove that ragweed pollen may be an important threat for ragweed sensitive patientsin Ankara city in near future.
文摘Artesunate is a derivative of qinghaosu, with a sesquiterpene structure. The specific action and the clinical uses of artesunate are on the preliminary stage. On the one hand, artesunate has specific action of both antiinflammation and antivirus, and also has protective effect on the pulmonary alveolar macrophages, which may be advantageous to the treatment of the airway non specific inflammation of asthma. On the other hand, qinghaosu has the activities to relax vascular smooth muscle and to cause hypotension. The expectorant action, the antitussive action and the antiasthmatic action of qinghaosu were reported. Artesunate may also have antiasthmatic activity, because the antimalarial potency of artesunate is stronger than that of qinghaosu, and Artesunate can block Ca 2+ influx by inhibiting calcium dependent chloride current. The main aims of this paper are to investigate the site, the mode, and the mechanism of artesunate action on isolated tracheal smooth muscle from the guinea pig. The isolated tracheal smooth muscle and isolated aortic strip circle were suspended in 10 ml Thornton and 5 ml Krebs solution gassed with 95% O 2+5% CO 2 at 37℃ respectively, and stretched with an initial tension of 1.5 g. After a stabilization period of over two hours, drug effects were plotted from cumulative doses. The tension changes were recorded by a forcedisplacement transducer connected to a two pen recorder (XWTD 264 made in Shanghai Dahua Apparatus Factory). Our experiments on isolated tracheal smooth muscle have demonstrated that artesunate is able to relax tracheal smooth muscle by its action on the tracheal smooth muscle cells. In concentrations ranging from 10 pmol·L 1 to 100 nmol·L 1 , artesunate can reduce the tone of the trachea in a concentration dependent manner. Its pD 2 is 8.76±0.74 (epithelium removed, n=6) and its potency is seventy four percent of isoprenaline′s. Artesunate is able to antagonize noncompetitively the effects of spasmogens like acetylcholine and histamine on trachea in a concentration dependent fashion, its pD′ 2 is 9.99±0.71 (n=8) and 11.69±0.53 (n=8), respectively. Timolol, a non selective blocker of the beta adrenergic receptors, does not inhibit the relaxant action of artesunate on trachea (n=6). Artesunate is also able to antagonize the constrictive effect on the trachea by KCl 100 mmol·L 1 in a concentration dependent manner, and its IC 50 is 0.81±0.67 nmol·L 1 (n=6). In the experiment of antagonizing the contractive action on trachea by acetylcholine 100 μmol·L 1 , artesunate was found to be more potent than nicardipine (n=7, P <0.01). Their inhibition rates (%) were 67.51±13.06% and 23.71±11.94% respectively. Nicardipine had no synergistic effect on the potency of artesunate (only increase the inhibition rate of artesunate from 65.71±11.06% to 73.94±11.78%, P>0.05, n=7). Artesunate had no effect on specific binding of 3H QNB on M 3 subtype of mAChR of salivary gland of rats (n=3). In the experiment of isolated aortic strip circle from the rats, artesunate did not block the intracellular Ca 2+ release, but partially inhibited Ca 2+ influx induced by phenylephrine 10 μmol·L 1 in a concentration dependent fashion. Its IC 50 was 1.64±0.38 mmol·L 1 (n=7). The intracellular Ca 2+ transient was determined using Fura 2 by fluorospectrophotometer (RF 5000 made in Japan). The excitation wavelengths were 340 and 380 nm and the emission wavelength was 510 nm. The intracellular Ca 2+ levels were calculated using the formula∶ [Ca 2+ ] i=Kd [(R t R min )/(R max R t)]×(Sf2/Sb2). In the cultured traheal smooth muscle cells, artesunate 100 μmol 1 had no effects on both intracellular Ca 2+ release and nonvoltagedepended Ca 2+ influx induced by cyclopiazonic acid (a Ca 2+ pump inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum) 10 μmol·L 1 (n=3) (which was determined by using Fura 2). The cyclic AMP levels of the tracheal tissue were
文摘The acute （15 minutes-4 hours） effects of exposure to the inhaled DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） on blood parameters of Guinea pigs Cavia porcellus were assessed via CBC （complete blood count） as an indicator using an automated blood analyzer machines （Cell DYN 1700）. The results showed significant changes in some parameters in comparison with control animals started as early as 15 minutes and intensified by the continuous exposure time, leading to significant increase （p 〈 0.05） in the number of both WBC （white blood cells）, PLT （blood platelets） and decrease in numbers of RBC （red blood corpuscles） while hemoglobin percentages （Hb%） showed an insignificant （p 〉 0.05） fluctuating rhythm. The percentages of both Neutrophil and Lymphocyt recorded a significant increase （p 〈 0.05） 1 hour post-exposure to the DEE while other WBCs showed less changes. It is concluded that blood components are so sensitive to DEE and do respond quicker to inhaled pollutants via changes in some components of WBC% but decrease in RBC% and the likelihood of blood clotting due to increase in blood platelets. These results indicate the acute toxic risks of the exposure to DEE of mechanics and technicians who work in vicinity of DEE sources or/and spend most daily hours in semi closed areas.
文摘During three years lasting studies on the territory of the city of Novi Sad, terrain studies of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution as well as mapping were performed on regulated and disordered green areas and on arable areas. For mapping of ragweed distribution, partially modified method of Braun-Blanquet was used, and data processing was perfomed by specially designed program Ambrosia Spot Marker. Monitoring of this species was also done because of the occurrence of retrovegetation after mowing. During vegetation period, this allergenic weed species was controlled by multiple mowing, and rough ruderal sites outside settlements were treated by glyphosate at a rate of 1.2 kg ha^-1 -2.4 kg ha^-1. The study comprehended also monitoring of pollen concentrations in the air by Rotorod pollen sampler spore collector. A. artemisiifolia L. was established in 21 city zones on over 200 localities, on the banks of the river Danube, in Petrovaradin and Sremski Karlovci. Recommended mechanical measures such as mowing, drilling in the phase of germination, and chemical control measures, resulted in significant reduction ofA. artemisiifolia L. In the second half of the August 2009 the highest number of pollen grains was found in the amount of 783 pollen grains per m3 of air.
文摘DEE （diesel exhaust emitted） and fossil fuel do contribute to the pollution of ecosystem while very little is known about their toxic effects on pulmonary tissue in the short-term. Ten male Guinea pigs exposed to DEE in an open system experiment at different time schemes and their tracheas and lungs were processed for routine Histology, Immunohistochemsitry and TEM （transmission Electron Microscopy） techniques. The results revealed early toxicological effects of DEE on pulmonary tissue involved cellular damages to the mucosa of trachea and bronchial tree, rupture of alveolar walls, disintegration of pneumocytes, development of mucous secretions, swellings in the alveolar network, hemorrhage and lymphatic infiltration all over the parenchyma starting from the early hours of exposure to DEE. Ultrastructural changes confirmed the ruptures to the alveolar walls, infiltration of various WBC （white blood cells）, development of vacuoles inside the cytoplasmic organelles of pnemocytes, distortion in morphology of both RBCs （Red Blood corpuscles） which all had begun as early as 1 h following the exposure to the DEE. Activation of the immune system was noted via the increase in size of lymph nodules to confront the invaded particulates. These results indicate blockage of the respiratory leading to suffocation and do alert the expected acute cellular harms to the pulmonary tissues following exposure to the DEE of mechanics work in vicinity of DEE who spend most daily hours in semi-closed areas.
