象限治理:应对基层治理模糊性和碎片化难题的策略选择

提升基层治理效能,对夯实国家治理根基,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化有着重要意义。受制于基层政府权能和资源有限的双重约束,基层治理实践存在信息不对称、权责不清晰、政策执行不畅通、治理活动“内卷”等模糊性和碎片化样态,造成基层政府超负荷运转。针对上述问题,有必要将“象限”概念引入基层治理场域,以关注度和复杂性为参考坐标,将基层治理中所要处理的事项进行划分,分别归入强关注度强复杂性象限、强关注度弱复杂性象限、弱关注度弱复杂性象限及弱关注度强复杂性象限之中。通过构建象限治理结构,利用不同象限实现对基层治理纷繁复杂事项的分类和清晰化处理,能够在一定程度上破解模糊性治理、碎片化治理、基层干部无效忙碌等治理难题。

网络舆情治理象限:由总体目标到参照标准

互联网对于公众政治生活的全面渗透,虽然在一定程度上促进了社会发展与民主法治建设,但也导致网络舆情泛滥。以维稳为导向的网络舆情治理的总体目标,就是通过网络走群众路线来营造一个风清气正的网络空间。在多主体双向持续互动过程中,达成网络舆情治理目标的前提条件就是掌握网络舆情演化的实时状态并设定相对具体且具有一般适用性的参照标准。网络舆情治理是政府等多元主体对网络舆情内容及活动带有目的性的主动双向干预,能预防集体行动事件的发生,进而消除造成现实社会不稳定的隐患。在网络舆情治理过程中应当重点关注互联网使用与集体行动的中间环节,特别是动员与情绪两个治理维度,同时在实践中分别把握好"过"与"不及"这两种管制尺度,以维度和尺度为基础构建一个"九宫格"网络舆情治理象限,为网络舆情治理措施的作用对象、作用力度和作用向度等提供相对客观的借鉴。

Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR）, Good Corporate Governance （GCG）, and Firm Performance

The strategy of the company, such as corporate social responsibility （CSR）, can be adopted to show a good image of the company to the external parties. The company can maximize the shareholders＇ equities, the prosperity of the owners of interests, the reputation of the company, and the long-term viability of the company by undertaking the CSR. The controversy whether the company should be engaged in CSR or not is still going on. According to the shareholder theory, the supporters of CSR （Donaldson ＆ Preston, 1995; Jones, 1995） say that CSR is a mechanism to achieve a better financial condition and to maximize the property of the shareholders （A. Mackey, T. B. Mackey, ＆ Barney, 2007）. This research investigates in three folds, the relationships among corporate governance, CSR, and firm performance, then the relationship between intellectual property and firm performance. This research shows that the independent board of commissioners is related to CSR. CSR and the institutional ownership are also related to firm performance. In addition, intellectual property is strongly related to firm performance. This means that intellectual property owned by public-limited companies in Indonesia increases firm performance.