Modulation classification of MPSK signals based on nonparametric Bayesian inference

A nonparametric Bayesian method is presented to classify the MPSK （M-ary phase shift keying） signals. The MPSK signals with unknown signal noise ratios （SNRs） are modeled as a Gaussian mixture model with unknown means and covariances in the constellation plane, and a clustering method is proposed to estimate the probability density of the MPSK signals. The method is based on the nonparametric Bayesian inference, which introduces the Dirichlet process as the prior probability of the mixture coefficient, and applies a normal inverse Wishart （NIW） distribution as the prior probability of the unknown mean and covariance. Then, according to the received signals, the parameters are adjusted by the Monte Carlo Markov chain （MCMC） random sampling algorithm. By iterations, the density estimation of the MPSK signals can be estimated. Simulation results show that the correct recognition ratio of 2/4/8PSK is greater than 95% under the condition that SNR 〉5 dB and 1 600 symbols are used in this method.

Fenofibrate for patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis

AIM:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, cholestatic disease of autoimmune etiology,the histology of which shows a destruction of the intrahepatic bile duct and portal inflammation. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is now used as a first-line drug for asymptomatic PBC (aPBC) because it is reported that UDCA decreases mortality and prolongs the time of liver transplantation.However, only 20-30% of patients respond fully to UDCA.Recently,lipoprotein-lowering agents have been found to be effective for PBC.The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of fenofibrate, a member of the fibrate class of hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory agent via peroxysome proliferatory-activated receptor α,in patients with aPBC.METHODS:Fenofibrate was administered for twelve weeks in nine patients with aPBC who failed to respond to UDCA.UDCA was used along with fenofibrate during the study.The data from aPBC patients were analyzed to assess the biochemical effect of fenofibrate during the study.RESULTS: The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(285±114.8IU/L) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (255.8±85.9mg/dl) significantly decreased to 186.9±76.2IU/L and 192.9±67.5mg/dL respectively, after fenofibrate treatment in patients with aPBC (P<0.05). Moreover,the titer of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) also decreased in 4 of 9 patients with aPBC. No adverse reactions were observed in any patients.CONCLUSION:Fenofibrate appears to be significantly effective in treating patients with aPBC who respond incompletely to UDCA alone.Although the mechanism of fenofibrate on aPBC has not yet been fully clarified,combination therapy using fenofibrate and UDCA might be related to the anti-immunological effects, such as the suppression of AMA production as well as its antiinflammatory effect.

Random noise suppression for seismic data using a non-local Bayes algorithm

For random noise suppression of seismic data, we present a non-local Bayes （NL- Bayes） filtering algorithm. The NL-Bayes algorithm uses the Gaussian model instead of the weighted average of all similar patches in the NL-means algorithm to reduce the fuzzy of structural details, thereby improving the denoising performance. In the denoising process of seismic data, the size and the number of patches in the Gaussian model are adaptively calculated according to the standard deviation of noise. The NL-Bayes algorithm requires two iterations to complete seismic data denoising, but the second iteration makes use of denoised seismic data from the first iteration to calculate the better mean and covariance of the patch Gaussian model for improving the similarity of patches and achieving the purpose of denoising. Tests with synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that the NL-Bayes algorithm can effectively improve the SNR and preserve the fidelity of seismic data.

Nonlinear inversion of electrical resistivity imaging using pruning Bayesian neural networks

Conventional artificial neural networks used to solve electrical resistivity imaging （ERI） inversion problem suffer from overfitting and local minima. To solve these problems, we propose to use a pruning Bayesian neural network （PBNN） nonlinear inversion method and a sample design method based on the K-medoids clustering algorithm. In the sample design method, the training samples of the neural network are designed according to the prior information provided by the K-medoids clustering results; thus, the training process of the neural network is well guided. The proposed PBNN, based on Bayesian regularization, is used to select the hidden layer structure by assessing the effect of each hidden neuron to the inversion results. Then, the hyperparameter αk, which is based on the generalized mean, is chosen to guide the pruning process according to the prior distribution of the training samples under the small-sample condition. The proposed algorithm is more efficient than other common adaptive regularization methods in geophysics. The inversion of synthetic data and field data suggests that the proposed method suppresses the noise in the neural network training stage and enhances the generalization. The inversion results with the proposed method are better than those of the BPNN, RBFNN, and RRBFNN inversion methods as well as the conventional least squares inversion.

Rossby waves with linear topography in barotropic fluids

Rossby waves are the most important waves in the atmosphere and ocean,and are parts of a large-scale system in fluid.The theory and observation show that,they satisfy quasi-geostrophic and quasi-static equilibrium approximations.In this paper,solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography in barotropic fluids with a shear flow are studied.In order to simplify the problem,the topography is taken as a linear function of latitude variable y,then employing a weakly nonlinear method and a perturbation method,a KdV(Korteweg-de Vries) equation describing evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography is derived.The results show that the variation of linear topography can induce the solitary Rossby waves in barotropic fluids with a shear flow,and extend the classical geophysical theory of fluid dynamics.

Prolonged cholestasis after raloxifene and fenofibrate interaction: A case report

Assigning causality in drug-induced liver injury is challenging particularly when more than one drug could be responsible. We report a woman on long-term therapy with raloxifen who developed acute cholestasis shortly after starting fenofibrate. The picture evolved into chronic cholestasis. We hypothesized that an interaction at the metabolic level could have triggered the presentation of hepatotoxicity after a very short time of exposure to fenofibrate in this patient. The findings of an overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the liver biopsy suggest that angiogenesis might play a role in the persistance of toxic cholestasis.

The Virtue of Open-Mindedness

Bayesianism is a theory of probabilistic reasoning that attempts to capture the logic of confirming and disconfirming hypotheses. I first argue that Bayesianism reveals striking parallels between structures universally held as paradigms of rational belief systems and structures typically considered clear examples of irrational belief systems. I next explain that the crucial difference between these two types of belief systems is found not inside the systems but outside them, in the dynamics, i.e., the attitudes, by which such systems are revised and maintained. The principal attitude that distinguishes these belief systems is ＂open-mindedness.＂ I conclude that rationality and irrationality are primarily properties of attitudes, and derivatively of persons （who exhibit such attitudes） and of beliefs （that are maintained by such attitudes）. It turns out then that, on the one hand, the Bayesian approach reveals important truths about the nature of rationality and irrationality, but, on the other hand, it is inadequate as a theory of rationality, since it leaves some aspects of rationality and irrationality unaccounted for. The Bayesian analysis on the basis of which these conclusions are reached arises from a careful examination of the Duhem problem, which is the problem of determining the disconfirmation impact on the plausibility of hypotheses collectively responsible for a false observational consequence.

Robust SLAM using square-root cubature Kalman filter and Huber's GM-estimator

Mobile robot systems performing simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) are generally plagued by non-Gaussian noise.To improve both accuracy and robustness under non-Gaussian measurement noise,a robust SLAM algorithm is proposed.It is based on the square-root cubature Kalman filter equipped with a Huber' s generalized maximum likelihood estimator(GM-estimator).In particular,the square-root cubature rule is applied to propagate the robot state vector and covariance matrix in the time update,the measurement update and the new landmark initialization stages of the SLAM.Moreover,gain weight matrices with respect to the measurement residuals are calculated by utilizing Huber' s technique in the measurement update step.The measurement outliers are suppressed by lower Kalman gains as merging into the system.The proposed algorithm can achieve better performance under the condition of non-Gaussian measurement noise in comparison with benchmark algorithms.The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed SLAM algorithm.

The Characterizations of A_5 and PSL(2,7) and a Note on Finite CIT-Groups

In this paper, it has been shown that A_5 and PSL (2,7) are the only simple groups which just contain 15 or 21 in volutions, respectively. Meanwhile, we have also obtained some results about finite CIT-groups and finite nonsolvabie CIT-groups.

A Geometric Proof of the Convexity Preserving Property of NURBS Curves

NURBS curves are convexity preserving, i.e. once the control polygon is convex, the associated NURBS curve will also be convex. In this paper this property is proved geometrically.

Nonlinear diffusion methods based on robust statistics for noise removal

A novel smoothness term of Bayesian regularization framework based on M-estimation of robust statistics is proposed, and from this term a class of fourth-order nonlinear diffusion methods is proposed. These methods attempt to approximate an observed image with a piecewise linear image, which looks more natural than piecewise constant image used to approximate an observed image by P-M model. It is known that M-estimators and W-estimators are essentially equivalent and solve the same minimization problem. Then, we propose PL bilateral filter from equivalent W-estimator. This new model is designed for piecewise linear image filtering, which is more effective than normal bilateral filter.

Nonlinear Analysis of Laminated Shells via Piece-wise Rayleigh-Ritz Technique

Based on Reddy higher-order shear deformation theory, a general refined shell theory suitable to nonlinear analysis of tire structure is developed in this paper. The piece-wise Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and Bezier polynomials are applied to analyze deformations and stress distributions of the multlayered tire subjected to uniform inflation in detail. Furthermore, 3-dimension FEM analysis of laminated tire by standard software ANSYS is adopted to compare with the present model. It is demonstrated that both two solutions are in fairly good agreement.

Nonlocality of Two-Qubit and Three-Qubit Schmidt-Correlated States

We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated （SC） states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt （CHSH） inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequaJity is only a sumcient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.

巧对宝宝的“逆反”行为

"年轻的父母们通常会有这样的苦恼:原本乖巧、听话的宝宝,长到,3岁左右渐渐变得爱唱反调了:要求他做的事情,他偏不做;不让他做的事情,他非要做;事事都要跟你说个"不",还经常发脾气、摔东西……孩子怎么越大越不听话了呢?"

Fenofibrate solid dispersion pellets prepared by fluid-bed coating:physical characterization,improved dissolution and oral bioavailability in beagle dogs

Solid dispersion of fenofibrate （FNB）, a poorly water-soluble drug, was prepared by a fluid-bed coating technique with PEG 6000 as the carrier. The physical state was characterized by DSC and X-ray powder diffractometry, which indicated the existence of fenofibrate in crystalline form in the solid dispersion. In vitro dissolution was studied in water containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate, FASSIF and FESSIF. Significant enhancement in dissolution was achieved at PEG/FNB ratio of 4/1 with near complete dissolution within 30 min. Moderate improvement in dissolution rate was observed at smaller PEG/FNB ratios. Oral bioavailability was studied in beagle dogs after oral administration of fenofibrate solid dispersion pellets by monitoring fenofibric acid in plasma. The oral bioavailability of PEG/FNB 3/1 and 4/1 solid dispersion pellets was improved by 3.4 and 4.4-fold as compared to Lipanthyl, a commercial micronized fenotibrate formulation. There was a strong dependence of oral bioavailability on the in vitro dissolution rate. Good correlation was observed between the in vivo absorption fraction and the in vitro dissolution rate in each of the dissolution media, water containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate, FASSIF and FESSIF. It could be concluded that PEG/FNB solid dispersion pellets were able to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of fenofibrate.

Finite p-groups with a minimal non-abelian subgroup of index p(Ⅲ)

This paper finishes the classification of three-generator finite p-groups G such that Φ(G) Z(G).This paper is a part of classification of finite p-groups with a minimal non-abelian subgroup of index p, and partly solves a problem proposed by Berkovich(2008).

Cost-utility of erlotinib combined with bevacizumab versus bevacizumab alone after completion of chemotherapy with bevacizumab for first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Bevacizumab plus erlotinib prolonged patients＇ progression-free survive （PFS） versus bevacizumab alone for the maintenance treatment of none-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） in phase III clinical trial ATLAS （ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT00257608）, which repealed a benefit outcome and acceptable side-effects, but whether its cost performance would be accepted by patients is blurry. The aim of our research is to figure out which strategy is the best option in clinic and would spread broadly. Markov Model was used to calculate incremental cost-utility radios （ICURs） and 10-year quality-adjusted life years （QALY） of both strategies. The clinical data were collected from phase III clinical trial ATLAS （ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT00257608）. The cost data were obtained from Chinese health care system. In the research, one-way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis （PSA） and Monte-Carlo analysis were performed to test the stability of the results. The better strategy was bevacizumab alone strategy, and the cumulative costs of both strategies were $178 648.47 and $46 445.28, respectively, and the QALY was 12.506 and 10.643, respectively. The ICUR of combined application was $70 962.53/QALY, which was much higher than 3 times of mean gross domestic product （GDP） in China, suggesting that this strategy was no economical at all. In one-way analysis, the change of willingness-to-pay could not influence the consequence. In addition, in Monte-Carlo analysis, the probability distribution of cost, effectiveness and ICUR was in normal distribution. Taken together, bevacizumab alone strategy was the better strategy in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Exact solutions of a spin-orbit coupling model in two-dimensional central-potentials and quantum-classical correspondence

In this paper we present both the classical and quantum periodic-orbits of a neutral spinning particle constrained in two-dimensional central-potentials with a cylindrically symmetric electric-field in addition,which leads to an effective non-Abelian gauge field generated by the spin-orbit coupling.Coherent superposition of orbital angular-eigenfunctions obtained explicitly under the condition of zero-energy exhibits the quantum-classical correspondence in the meaning of exact coincidence between classical orbits and spatial patterns of quantum wave-functions,which as a consequence results in the fractional quantization of orbital angular-momentum by the requirement of the same rotational symmetry of quantum and classical orbits.A non-Abelian anyon-model emerges in a natural way.