This paper examines the explorations and practices of environmental- economic accounting in the international community, provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the nature and research progress of China＇s...This paper examines the explorations and practices of environmental- economic accounting in the international community, provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the nature and research progress of China＇s natural resources balance sheet, reviews the relevant systems of China＇s natural resources balance sheet and the development of ecological civilization, identifies the issues in the formulation of natural resources balance sheet and makes suggestions for improvement.展开更多
Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are cruci...Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.展开更多
This paper aims at providing an interpretation of economic crises within a theoretical framework where some elements of classical political economy are superimposed on the theoretical framework of the monetary theory ...This paper aims at providing an interpretation of economic crises within a theoretical framework where some elements of classical political economy are superimposed on the theoretical framework of the monetary theory of production. The dynamics of wages, of conspicuous consumption on the part of rentiers and of investments are taken into consideration, in order to show that economic crises largely depend on the combination of declining wage shares, increasing financial rents and the reduction of investments.展开更多
One of the most important issues relating to the economic activity of an enterprise is a reliable valuation of assets. It is also one of the key elements in the condition of bankruptcy risk. The aim of this paper is t...One of the most important issues relating to the economic activity of an enterprise is a reliable valuation of assets. It is also one of the key elements in the condition of bankruptcy risk. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the author＇s empirical research concerning the usefulness of the estimates in the valuation of fixed assets held by the enterprises facing bankruptcy. The empirical research was carried out on a group of 100 companies on which courts declared bankruptcy in 2011 in Poland. The study sample constitutes 14% of the population and is a significant representation of the phenomenon. For comparisons of the carrying amounts and the estimated values, the assets recognized in the balance sheet under ＂property, plant, and equipment （PPE）＂ were selected. During the first stage of the research, the significance of PPE in bankruptcy proceedings was confirmed by comparing the share of their value within the estate with the costs of the proceedings recorded as a percentage of the value of the debtor＇s estate. In the next stage of the research, comparisons between the carrying amounts and the estimated values were made. Simple regression models were constructed. The research results confirm that in the case of a substantial doubt about an entity＇s ability to continue as a going concern, the informative value of financial statements is limited and the estimates of the fixed assets value are of fundamental importance.展开更多
Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well...Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well as systematic ways to coordinate the development of economics and the protection of environment. It is just in the primary process for forestry enterprises in China to introduce the research and practice of environmental accounting. Based on discussion about the principle of environmental information disclosure and analysis on the current situation of the environmental information disclosure of the forestry enterprises, this paper attempted to propose that the supplementary report mode of information disclosure should be appropriate for the forestry enterprises, which provide the balance sheet of environment, the income statement of environment besides the original three financial report to reflect the general environmental information of the enterprise.展开更多
As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provid...As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provides important financial data. This is the research topic. The research questions are： （i） How is the importance of the brand in the revenues of football clubs and （ii） what is the financial value of the brands Futebol Clube do Porto （FCP）, Sport Lisboa e Benfica （SLB）, and e Sporting Clube de Portugal （SCP）？ This investigation was based on an adaptation of the inter brand equity model. This model considers equity as the economic value generated as net profit of the company, which can be apportioned to the brand. The data was collected from the financial maps of these three clubs between 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 seasons. In order to adapt the model to the football industry, a panel of five experts of professional football club managers was questioned. These experts claim that in football industry, brand management contributes with 16% of the economic value, sport management with 63%, financial management with 16%, and other factors with 5%. The conclusion is that FCP has the most valuable brand, with about 54.5 m , followed by SLB with about 51.6 m , and finally by SCP with about 39.5 m.展开更多
Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years....Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years. Earlier results have been published in a number of collections of research articles and have been reported on international conferences worldwide （in Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Poland, Check Republic, Chile, China, and USA, etc.）. From econometric models, the Cobb-Douglas production function with income-earning assets, equity, liabilities and fixed assets as inputs was selected. The time period chosen is from the first quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2008 that is a total of 56 periods. The balance sheets and income statements published quarterly by the banks were used as the empirical base of analysis.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the explorations and practices of environmental- economic accounting in the international community, provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the nature and research progress of China＇s natural resources balance sheet, reviews the relevant systems of China＇s natural resources balance sheet and the development of ecological civilization, identifies the issues in the formulation of natural resources balance sheet and makes suggestions for improvement.
文摘Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.
文摘This paper aims at providing an interpretation of economic crises within a theoretical framework where some elements of classical political economy are superimposed on the theoretical framework of the monetary theory of production. The dynamics of wages, of conspicuous consumption on the part of rentiers and of investments are taken into consideration, in order to show that economic crises largely depend on the combination of declining wage shares, increasing financial rents and the reduction of investments.
文摘One of the most important issues relating to the economic activity of an enterprise is a reliable valuation of assets. It is also one of the key elements in the condition of bankruptcy risk. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the author＇s empirical research concerning the usefulness of the estimates in the valuation of fixed assets held by the enterprises facing bankruptcy. The empirical research was carried out on a group of 100 companies on which courts declared bankruptcy in 2011 in Poland. The study sample constitutes 14% of the population and is a significant representation of the phenomenon. For comparisons of the carrying amounts and the estimated values, the assets recognized in the balance sheet under ＂property, plant, and equipment （PPE）＂ were selected. During the first stage of the research, the significance of PPE in bankruptcy proceedings was confirmed by comparing the share of their value within the estate with the costs of the proceedings recorded as a percentage of the value of the debtor＇s estate. In the next stage of the research, comparisons between the carrying amounts and the estimated values were made. Simple regression models were constructed. The research results confirm that in the case of a substantial doubt about an entity＇s ability to continue as a going concern, the informative value of financial statements is limited and the estimates of the fixed assets value are of fundamental importance.
文摘Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well as systematic ways to coordinate the development of economics and the protection of environment. It is just in the primary process for forestry enterprises in China to introduce the research and practice of environmental accounting. Based on discussion about the principle of environmental information disclosure and analysis on the current situation of the environmental information disclosure of the forestry enterprises, this paper attempted to propose that the supplementary report mode of information disclosure should be appropriate for the forestry enterprises, which provide the balance sheet of environment, the income statement of environment besides the original three financial report to reflect the general environmental information of the enterprise.
文摘As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provides important financial data. This is the research topic. The research questions are： （i） How is the importance of the brand in the revenues of football clubs and （ii） what is the financial value of the brands Futebol Clube do Porto （FCP）, Sport Lisboa e Benfica （SLB）, and e Sporting Clube de Portugal （SCP）？ This investigation was based on an adaptation of the inter brand equity model. This model considers equity as the economic value generated as net profit of the company, which can be apportioned to the brand. The data was collected from the financial maps of these three clubs between 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 seasons. In order to adapt the model to the football industry, a panel of five experts of professional football club managers was questioned. These experts claim that in football industry, brand management contributes with 16% of the economic value, sport management with 63%, financial management with 16%, and other factors with 5%. The conclusion is that FCP has the most valuable brand, with about 54.5 m , followed by SLB with about 51.6 m , and finally by SCP with about 39.5 m.
文摘Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years. Earlier results have been published in a number of collections of research articles and have been reported on international conferences worldwide （in Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Poland, Check Republic, Chile, China, and USA, etc.）. From econometric models, the Cobb-Douglas production function with income-earning assets, equity, liabilities and fixed assets as inputs was selected. The time period chosen is from the first quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2008 that is a total of 56 periods. The balance sheets and income statements published quarterly by the banks were used as the empirical base of analysis.
