To solve the problems generally encountered during the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) of Al alloys with high Si content, a pretreatment of chemical etching was applied before the process. The influence of such pre...To solve the problems generally encountered during the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) of Al alloys with high Si content, a pretreatment of chemical etching was applied before the process. The influence of such pretreatment was studied by SEM, EDS and XRD. The pretreatment presents a significant effect on positive voltage at the beginning stage of PEO, leading to higher voltage over the whole process. The difference between the positive voltages of non-etched and etched specimens decreases gradually with the increase of processing time. The pretreatment exhibits much less influence on the negative voltage. For the sample with surface pretreatment, the average growth rate of PEO coating is increased from 0.50 to 0.84 μm·min-1and the energy consumption is decreased from 6.30 to 4.36 k W·h·μm-1·m-2. At the same time, both mullite and amorphous Si O2 contents are decreased in the coating.展开更多
in this paper,we prove that a complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonnegative kth-Ricci curvature, large volume growth has finite topological type provided that lim r→∞{（vol[B（p.r]/ωnrn-αM）rk（n-1...in this paper,we prove that a complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonnegative kth-Ricci curvature, large volume growth has finite topological type provided that lim r→∞{（vol[B（p.r]/ωnrn-αM）rk（n-1）/k＋1（1-α/2）}≤for some COllstant ε〉0 We also prove that a conlplete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative kth-Ricci curvature and undler some pinching conditions is diffeomorphic to R^n.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(S2013010015211)
文摘To solve the problems generally encountered during the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) of Al alloys with high Si content, a pretreatment of chemical etching was applied before the process. The influence of such pretreatment was studied by SEM, EDS and XRD. The pretreatment presents a significant effect on positive voltage at the beginning stage of PEO, leading to higher voltage over the whole process. The difference between the positive voltages of non-etched and etched specimens decreases gradually with the increase of processing time. The pretreatment exhibits much less influence on the negative voltage. For the sample with surface pretreatment, the average growth rate of PEO coating is increased from 0.50 to 0.84 μm·min-1and the energy consumption is decreased from 6.30 to 4.36 k W·h·μm-1·m-2. At the same time, both mullite and amorphous Si O2 contents are decreased in the coating.
文摘in this paper,we prove that a complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonnegative kth-Ricci curvature, large volume growth has finite topological type provided that lim r→∞{（vol[B（p.r]/ωnrn-αM）rk（n-1）/k＋1（1-α/2）}≤for some COllstant ε〉0 We also prove that a conlplete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative kth-Ricci curvature and undler some pinching conditions is diffeomorphic to R^n.
