负相电压对城轨车体用6005A-T6铝合金MAO薄膜性能的影响

为了提高城轨车体用6005A-T6铝合金表面的耐磨能力,通过对其实施微弧氧化处理的方式制得高耐磨性薄膜,分析了负相电压参数引起的微弧氧化层结构特征、硬度及其耐磨性的变化。结果表明:6005A-T6铝合金经过微弧氧化后在薄膜内形成了γ相氧化铝。薄膜形成了明显火山状结构,整体表面较为粗糙,形成了许多尺寸差异较大的微米孔洞以及大量熔融颗粒。薄膜包含了内部致密组织以及外部相对疏松的结构,存在4μm的致密层组织。对铝合金实施微弧氧化可以使硬度显著上升,当负相电压-100 V时,可以获得1265 HV的最高硬度。当负相电压在-100 V时,薄膜形成很小的摩擦系数并且较为稳定,表现出优异的耐磨性。MAO薄膜表现为白色条状的外观,观察到部分黑色块状组织,到达-100 V时试样中形成了更小的块状区域。

An Introduction Effect Evaluation Tool for Distributed Generators

This paper presents practical distribution system equipment models such as various distributed generators, voltage regulators, and loads for fast three phase unbalanced load flow calculation in distribution systems. The method can calculate voltage and current of distribution systems, in which distributed generators are introduced. The calculation time of the proposed method is about 40 times faster than that of the Newton-Raphson method. Moreover, an introduction effect evaluation tool for distributed generators using the proposed three phase unbalanced load flow calculation is presented. It provides various functions such as a power system network diagram creation function and a voltage profile chart display function. Therefore, the introduction effect evaluation of distributed generators in distribution systems can be evaluated quite easily.