In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algor...In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algorithm based on the artificial immune system was presented to further improve the performance of the optimization algorithm for locomotive secondary spring load adjustment, especially to solve the lack of control on the output shim quantity. The algorithm was designed into a two-level optimization structure according to the preferences of the problem, and the priori knowledge of the problem was used as the immune dominance. Experiments on various types of locomotives show that owing to the novel algorithm, the shim quantity is cut down by 30% 60% and the calculation time is about 90% less while the secondary spring load distribution is controlled on the same level as before. The application of this optimization algorithm can significantly improve the availability and efficiency of the secondary spring adjustment process.展开更多
Reconfigurability of the electrical network in a shipboard power system （SPS） after its failure is central to the restoration of power supply and improves survivability of an SPS. The navigational process creates a ...Reconfigurability of the electrical network in a shipboard power system （SPS） after its failure is central to the restoration of power supply and improves survivability of an SPS. The navigational process creates a sequence of different operating conditions. The priority of some loads differs in changing operating conditions. After analyzing characteristics of typical SPS, a model was developed used a grade III switchboard and an environmental prioritizing agent （EPA） algorithm. This algorithm was chosen as it is logically and physically decentralized as well as multi-agent oriented. The EPA algorithm was used to decide on the dynamic load priority, then it selected the means to best meet the maximum power supply load. The simulation results showed that higher priority loads were the first to be restored. The system satisfied all necessary constraints, demonstrating the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.展开更多
Pt-Ru, Pt and Ru catalysts supported on zirconia were prepared by impregnation method and were tested in selective oxidation of methylamine （MA） in aqueous media. Among three catalysts, Ru/ZrO2 was more active than ...Pt-Ru, Pt and Ru catalysts supported on zirconia were prepared by impregnation method and were tested in selective oxidation of methylamine （MA） in aqueous media. Among three catalysts, Ru/ZrO2 was more active than Pt/ZrO2 while Pt-Ru/ZrO2 demonstrated the best catalytic activity due to the fact that Pt addition efficiently promoted the dispersion of active species in bimetallic catalyst. Therefore, the - 100% TOC conversion and N2 selectivity were achieved over Pt-Ru/ZrO2, Pt/ZrO2 and Ru/ZrO2 catalysts at 190, 220 and 250 ℃, respectively.展开更多
A decorated ruthenium catalyst was prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride(MA) to γ-butyrolactone(GBL). The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, T...A decorated ruthenium catalyst was prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride(MA) to γ-butyrolactone(GBL). The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, TGDTG and N2 adsorption techniques. The characterization tests revealed that the catalyst carrier was composed of monoclinic zirconia(m-ZrO2) and hydroxyl cobalt oxide(CoO(OH)). The hydrogenation results showed that the content of CoO(OH), the reaction temperature, the hydrogen pressure and the reaction time significantly affected the catalytic selectivity to GBL. The promotional effect of CoO(OH) was remarkable, which led to an obvious increase in GBL selectivity. An 100% MA conversion and 92.0% selectivity to GBL were achieved over the Ru/ZrO2-CoO(OH)(35%) catalyst in water solvent under the conditions involving a reaction temperature of 180 ℃, a hydrogen pressure of 3.0 MPa, and a reaction time of 6 h.展开更多
We report a novel P-directing effect of imidazolium based ionic liquid,which was observed when we conducted the glycosylation of a 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-mannose trichloroacetimidate donor with a modified ionic...We report a novel P-directing effect of imidazolium based ionic liquid,which was observed when we conducted the glycosylation of a 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-mannose trichloroacetimidate donor with a modified ionic liquid support acceptor. The mechanism was investigated and a hypothesis was proposed.After optimization of the reaction conditions,an innovative method for the selective construction of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannopyranosyl linkage was developed.展开更多
基金Project(51305467)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JJ4050)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algorithm based on the artificial immune system was presented to further improve the performance of the optimization algorithm for locomotive secondary spring load adjustment, especially to solve the lack of control on the output shim quantity. The algorithm was designed into a two-level optimization structure according to the preferences of the problem, and the priori knowledge of the problem was used as the immune dominance. Experiments on various types of locomotives show that owing to the novel algorithm, the shim quantity is cut down by 30% 60% and the calculation time is about 90% less while the secondary spring load distribution is controlled on the same level as before. The application of this optimization algorithm can significantly improve the availability and efficiency of the secondary spring adjustment process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60704004the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University under Grant No.HEUCFT1005
文摘Reconfigurability of the electrical network in a shipboard power system （SPS） after its failure is central to the restoration of power supply and improves survivability of an SPS. The navigational process creates a sequence of different operating conditions. The priority of some loads differs in changing operating conditions. After analyzing characteristics of typical SPS, a model was developed used a grade III switchboard and an environmental prioritizing agent （EPA） algorithm. This algorithm was chosen as it is logically and physically decentralized as well as multi-agent oriented. The EPA algorithm was used to decide on the dynamic load priority, then it selected the means to best meet the maximum power supply load. The simulation results showed that higher priority loads were the first to be restored. The system satisfied all necessary constraints, demonstrating the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21373245,21173242)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(2013CB632404)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA051501)the Project Support of Gansu Provincial Science &Technology Department(1304FKCA085)
文摘Pt-Ru, Pt and Ru catalysts supported on zirconia were prepared by impregnation method and were tested in selective oxidation of methylamine （MA） in aqueous media. Among three catalysts, Ru/ZrO2 was more active than Pt/ZrO2 while Pt-Ru/ZrO2 demonstrated the best catalytic activity due to the fact that Pt addition efficiently promoted the dispersion of active species in bimetallic catalyst. Therefore, the - 100% TOC conversion and N2 selectivity were achieved over Pt-Ru/ZrO2, Pt/ZrO2 and Ru/ZrO2 catalysts at 190, 220 and 250 ℃, respectively.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21303139)the Key Fund Project of Educational Department of Sichuan Province(No.14ZA0126)the Open Project of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.CSPC2013-1)
文摘A decorated ruthenium catalyst was prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride(MA) to γ-butyrolactone(GBL). The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, TGDTG and N2 adsorption techniques. The characterization tests revealed that the catalyst carrier was composed of monoclinic zirconia(m-ZrO2) and hydroxyl cobalt oxide(CoO(OH)). The hydrogenation results showed that the content of CoO(OH), the reaction temperature, the hydrogen pressure and the reaction time significantly affected the catalytic selectivity to GBL. The promotional effect of CoO(OH) was remarkable, which led to an obvious increase in GBL selectivity. An 100% MA conversion and 92.0% selectivity to GBL were achieved over the Ru/ZrO2-CoO(OH)(35%) catalyst in water solvent under the conditions involving a reaction temperature of 180 ℃, a hydrogen pressure of 3.0 MPa, and a reaction time of 6 h.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.20732001) the State New Drug Innovation(the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,Grant No. 2009ZX09501-011)
文摘We report a novel P-directing effect of imidazolium based ionic liquid,which was observed when we conducted the glycosylation of a 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-mannose trichloroacetimidate donor with a modified ionic liquid support acceptor. The mechanism was investigated and a hypothesis was proposed.After optimization of the reaction conditions,an innovative method for the selective construction of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannopyranosyl linkage was developed.
