挥之不去的卡夫卡味儿

卡夫卡虚构的讽喻和寓言为什么有挥之不去的强烈现实感?本文作者认为,卡夫卡味儿(the Kafkaesque)不是负面情绪的释放那么简单,而是卡夫卡对自由的强烈渴望、对不自由状况的深刻认识以及他独特的文学游戏形成的“负面能力”(negative capability),因而值得进一步的分析探讨。卡夫卡作品中强烈的压抑感,讽喻地指向一种父权/威权的秩序或体系,就其生成逻辑而言,属于“逻格斯中心主义”(logocentrism)的结构。其社会象征秩序形成权力的“中心”和“边缘”的二元对立,并遵循荒谬的罪与罚之法,形成两极之间各色人物特殊的生存和心理状态;用后殖民研究的术语,可称之为“内部殖民主义”(internal colonialism)。卡夫卡以反讽和悖论呈现绝对权力,比如:卡夫卡以死亡象征绝对权力,但濒死的权力依然有足够力量扼杀上升的生命;此种体系的官僚运作远不止于繁文缛节,而是将残忍和荒谬变成天经地义;它引起的恐惧以封闭空间再现,既狭小又无限大。笔者汲取莎士比亚、本雅明(Walter Benjamin)、桑塔亚纳(George Santayana)、济慈(John Keats)、什克洛夫斯基(Victor Shklovsky)的智慧,以卡夫卡若干中短篇为例,深入讨论卡夫卡味儿如何根植于他的美学判断。卡夫卡作品的“美感”是一股潜于无形的善念,亦即对自由的渴望和执着;卡夫卡修辞的魅力之一,是他能将梦魇雕刻为一个个本雅明称之为“形姿”(gestus,gesture)的片刻,形成反讽、悖论、模糊等修辞效果的相反命题并存,为文本解读提供认真思辨的游戏空间。

Negative effect of instruction on L2 learners＇ pragmatic development

The present paper discusses three major sources of negative effect of classroom instruction on L2 learners＇ pragmatic development： inadequate or inappropriate metapragmatic input, non-authentic classroom discourse and grammar-oriented pedagogy, then proposes some pedagogical suggestions on developing pragmatic competence.

Investigation of the Aerodynamic Character in Turbine Cascades with Aft-loaded Profile

For evaluate the aerodynamic character of the turbine cascades which have the aft-loaded profile, the experimental investigation was carried out on the low speed annular wind tunnel. And the detailed measurements of the aerodynamic parameters were made from upstream to downstream of the two type turbine cascades, the one is the conventional straight blades cascade, the other is the curved blades cascades. The static pressure distributions on the endwall and the blade surface were also carried out. The influence of the aft-loaded profile and the curved blade on the development of loss and the pressure distribution was discussed, and analyses the different flow phenomena and mechanism in two type turbine cascades.

负面事件后消费者信任受损及其外溢机理研究

基于事件发生原因,研究负面事件对消费者信任的影响,将负面事件分为能力型负面事件和诚信型负面事件,运用情境模拟和实验法,检验不同类型负面事件对消费者信任能力维度和善意维度的作用机理,并进一步考察消费者信任不同维度受损后的外溢效应。研究结果表明,诚信型负面事件对消费者信任的善意维度伤害更大,能力型负面事件对消费者信任的能力维度伤害更大;负面事件越严重、初始信任越高,消费者信任受损越大;消费者信任能力维度和善意维度受损后,会向善意信任外溢,但不会影响到消费者对企业其他能力的信任。