财产(权)及其交互性对价——马克思和科斯发现了什么

从法经济(哲学)的视角,用辨证逻辑的方法,对马克思和科斯产权理论各自的内在逻辑进行分析,指出马克思和科斯发现了资源共同体中财产(权)分配具有"交互性",他们从财产权交互性中分别发现了企业性质、市场性质和国家性质,并提出了公权力限制的正当理由。此外,马克思还揭示了财产(权)交互定律是资源共有前提下的共有产权和个有产权交互条件的辨证机制,提供了"公平框架下特定经济结构中配置产权激励机制"的产权分配的辩证法。马克思因此贡献了一个以创造性产权辨证机制为动力源以永恒创新为目的的创新国家原理、方法和实践的思想体系。

Evolution of Transitional Institutions for Urban Land Redevelopment in China——Case in Guangzhou

Building effective institutions for markets is a great challenge to China's transitional economy. China's experience in establishing urban land markets is characterized by trial and error and the gradual evolution of transitional institutions. Based on archive data and interviews in a neighborhood(Jinhuajie) of Guangzhou,this research reveals that China's land redevelopment in the past two decades has followed an approach of partial and gradual reform,which was structured by the gradual evolution of transitional institutions to speed up local land redevelopment within the existing property rights system. Transitional institutions,including highly compensated residents' land use rights,in-kind land lease payment,flexible control on development rights of developers and short-term actual ownership of work units,are generated by the local government sequentially to dispel existing land use rights of different land users and make further development be able to follow market mechanisms.

Combining Geomatics and Conventional Methods for Monitoring Forest Conditions under Different Governance Arrangements

This study employed an innovative meth- odological framework that combines geomatics and conventional survey methods to monitor changes in forest conditions and examine their associations with local forest governance parameters in a mountain watershed covering 153.3 km2 in the middle moun- tains of Nepal. The study involved two spatial scales and analytical steps. First, geomatics techniques were used to map and detect changes in major land cover types in the watershed between 1976 and 2000 and to analyze relationships between forest cover changes and governance arrangements. This was followed by micro-level analysis of the relationships between the biological conditions of selected forests within the watershed and their governance arrangements, using conventional survey methods and analytical tools. The findings show that forest cover in the watershed in- creased by about 15 per cent during the period. The rate of increase in forest cover was highest in areas under a semi-government type of governance ar- rangement, while the community forests were gener- ally better in terms of current biological conditions compared to the semi-government forests. This in- consistency between the findings from the two analy- ses does not allow us to draw any firm conclusions regarding the role of property rights in determining forest condition, but it indicates that the outcomes of local forest management initiatives may be more de-pendent on local institutional arrangements regulat- ing forest use and maintenance of forest resources than on the type of property rights arrangements. The findings also provide evidence of the methodological suitability of the research approach adopted, which may be useful for addressing many other research questions related to forestry and natural resources management, particularly those involving multiple spatial scales.

Regulation or Property Rights： The Effect of China＇s Coal Mine Shutdown Policy on Work Safety

Since 1999, shutdown policy has been one of the most important industrial policies in China ＇S coal mining industry. There have been many controversies surrounding this policy and its effect on coal mine safety. This paper summarizes, analyzes and tests two contradicting views of the effects of shutdown policy on the mortality rate of township-and-village-owned coal mines. One view, or the regulative view, believes that shutdown policy induces firms to increase safety input, thus decreasing mortality. The opposing view, or the property rights view, argues that shutdown policy disturbs property rights stability and actually increases mortality. We built a simple theoretical model to analyze these contrasting rationales. The model uses the difference-in-difference method and provincial panel data from 1995 to 2005 to empirically test the policy＇s effects. Our findings are that shutdown policy significantly decreases output while also increasing mortality in township-and-village coal mines. This result is consistent with the property rights view.

Promotion of Industrial Development through Combination of Standards with Intellectual Property Strategy

The combination of standards and IPR (intellectual property rights) plays a key rolein industrial development in the knowledge economy era.This paper analyses the effects andchallenges that inclusion of IPR into standards brings to our industry.The paper concludes withsome advice on how to promote our industries.

Analysis of the Declining of Open Field System in the Medieval England from the Perspective of Institutional Transition

Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article analyzed how the open field system was replaced by the enclosure system from the perspective of institutional t transition. By carrying on the detailed investigation, it can provide certain enlightenments and references to deepen rural reform, especially promoting the reasonable transfer of rural land use rights in China.

论“知识产权”与民法典的关系——从“知识产权”概念的角度分析

我国民法典的制订已经进入实际操作阶段,“知识产权”与民法典的关系已不再是一个纯粹的理论问题,而更加具有实践意义。现有的“知识产权”概念对应了英文中intellectual property与intellectual property right两个概念,权利与客体混淆。本文通过对汉语“知识产权”概念的来源、本义探索和分析,试图从这一新角度来认识知识产权法与民法典的关系,为我国民法典的制订提供理论依据。

Deleting Vertices and Interlacing Laplacian Eigenvalues

The authors obtain an interlacing relation between the Laplacian spectra of a graph G and its subgraph G-U,which is obtained from G by deleting all the vertices in the vertex subset U together with their incident edges.Also,some applications of this interlacing property are explored and this interlacing property is extended to the edge weighted graphs.

Permanence of Metric Sparsification Property under Finite Decomposition Complexity

The notions of metric sparsification property and finite decomposition complexity are recently introduced in metric geometry to study the coarse Novikov conjecture and the stable Borel conjecture. In this paper, it is proved that a metric space X has finite decomposition complexity with respect to metric sparsification property if and only if X itself has metric sparsification property. As a consequence, the authors obtain an alternative proof of a very recent result by Guentner, Tessera and Yu that all countable linear groups have the metric sparsification property and hence the operator norm localization property.